An assessment of the replicability of a standard and modified sanitary risk protocol for groundwater sources in Greater Accra
An assessment of the replicability of a standard and modified sanitary risk protocol for groundwater sources in Greater Accra
复制标题
对大阿克拉地下水源标准和修改卫生风险协议的可复制性评估
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
James A Wright
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Yentumi;M. Dzodzomenyo;K. Sashie;James A Wright
卫生风险检查是对污染危害的系统观察，通常用于管理水井和钻孔等水源的安全。然而，尚未研究不同观察者进行的卫生风险检查的可复制性。本研究旨在评估两名不同观察员在加纳大阿克拉城市和城郊社区进行卫生风险检查的可复制性。两名观察员独立使用标准协议记录 62 个地下水源周围的污染危害，此外还通过修改后的协议记录城市特有的危害，例如受损的污水管道。我们将风险评分计算为在每个来源观察到的危害的比例，分别为每个观察者。 Linn 的一致性相关系数表明两个观察者的风险评分之间非常一致（n = 62；c = 0.949，95% 置信限 0.917–0.968）。然而，城市特定观察的风险评分与标准方案的风险评分不相关（观察者 1 的 r = 0.11，p = 0.41；观察者 2 的 r = 0.16，p = 0.22）。我们的研究是第一个关于卫生风险观察的可重复性的研究，并表明观察者之间的一致性很高。然而，使用标准协议并未捕获城市污染危害。未来，对观察者间一致性的评估和对城市特定危害的观察可以纳入全国或区域的卫生风险调查。
Sanitary risk inspection, the systematic observation of contamination hazards, is often used to manage safety of water sources such as wells and boreholes. However, the replicability of sanitary risk inspections undertaken by different observers has not been studied. This study aimed to assess the replicability of sanitary risk inspections by two different observers in urban and peri-urban neighbourhoods of Greater Accra, Ghana. Two observers independently used a standard protocol to record contamination hazards around 62 groundwater sources, additionally recording urban-specific hazards such as damaged sewage pipes via a modified protocol. We calculated risk scores as the proportion of hazards observed at each source, separately for each observer. Linn’s concordance correlation coefficient indicated very high agreement between the two observers’ risk scores (n = 62; c = 0.949, 95% confidence limits 0.917–0.968). However, risk scores from urban-specific observations were uncorrelated with those from the standard protocol (r = 0.11, p = 0.41 for observer 1; r = 0.16, p = 0.22 for observer 2). Ours is the first study of replicability of sanitary risk observations and suggests high inter-observer agreement. However, urban contamination hazards were not captured using the standard protocol. In the future, assessment of inter-observer agreement and observations of urban-specific hazards could be incorporated into nationwide or regional sanitary risk surveys.