Genetic Disease and Therapy.

Genetic Disease and Therapy.
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遗传病与治疗。

DOI:
10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032626
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发表时间:
2021-01-24
期刊:
Annual review of pathology
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其他
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遗传性疾病导致众多复杂且棘手的病症。编码每个人的复杂性以及许多疾病风险的DNA序列包含在线粒体基因组、核基因组和微生物宏基因组中。这些疾病的诊断已围绕新一代DNA测序的应用统一起来。然而,将特定的基因诊断转化为靶向基因治疗仍然是一个核心目标。到目前为止,基因治疗可分为三大类:用新的外源基因组大量替换受影响的基因组分,无针对性地添加外源遗传物质以弥补基因错误,以及最近使用基因编辑直接纠正致病的基因改变。对每个基因组分的通用诊断方法、治疗方法以及试剂递送将加速下一代治愈性基因治疗的发展。我们讨论了线粒体、核以及微生物宏基因组组分的结构和变异性,以及针对每个组分的基因诊断和基因治疗的历史发展和当前实践。
Genetic diseases cause numerous complex and intractable pathologies. DNA sequences encoding each human’s complexity and many disease risks are contained in the mitochondrial genome, nuclear genome, and microbial metagenome. Diagnosis of these diseases has unified around applications of next-generation DNA sequencing. However, translating specific genetic diagnoses into targeted genetic therapies remains a central goal. To date, genetic therapies have fallen into three broad categories: bulk replacement of affected genetic compartments with a new exogenous genome, nontargeted addition of exogenous genetic material to compensate for genetic errors, and most recently, direct correction of causative genetic alterations using gene editing. Generalized methods of diagnosis, therapy, and reagent delivery into each genetic compartment will accelerate the next generations of curative genetic therapies. We discuss the structure and variability of the mitochondrial, nuclear, and microbial metagenomic compartments, as well as the historical development and current practice of genetic diagnostics and gene therapies targeting each compartment.
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发表时间: 2011-12
期刊: PLoS genetics
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