Discovery and occurrence of the fumonisins: a historical perspective.
Discovery and occurrence of the fumonisins: a historical perspective.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.01109s2239
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发表时间：
2001-05
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Marasas WF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marasas WF
本文描述了导致1988年在南非发现伏马菌素的事件，并重点介绍了伏马菌素研究的前10年（1988-1998）。1970年南非马脑白斑病（ELEM）野外暴发中从发霉玉米中分离出的主要真菌是黄萎病镰刀菌（F. moniliforme）。这种真菌也普遍存在于南非特兰斯凯地区食管癌高发地区人们食用的发霉的自制玉米中。从特拉斯凯霉变玉米中分离得到的玉米黄萎病杆菌MRC 826菌株在玉米上的培养材料可引起马的ELEM，猪的猪肺水肿（PPE）综合征和大鼠的肝癌。采用大鼠肝脏短期癌变起始/促进实验纯化培养材料中的致癌物。这些努力最终取得了成功，在南非泰格堡医学研究理事会真菌毒素和实验性癌变项目中，从大鼠肝脏中具有促癌活性的新型真菌毒素福马菌素B1和B2从黄曲霉毒素MRC 826的培养材料中分离出来。在阐明伏马菌素的化学结构之后，这些致癌真菌毒素被证明在特兰斯凯的发霉玉米中自然存在。此后不久，1989年美国玉米作物中的高水平伏马菌素导致美国分别在马和猪中大规模暴发elm和PPE。随后，在世界各地的玉米中发现了自然存在的伏马菌素，包括在日本和中国，作为欧共体高风险人群主食的玉米。这些发现，再加上伏马菌素在动物中引起真菌中毒的现场暴发，在大鼠中具有致癌性，并破坏鞘脂代谢的事实，在1988年发现伏马菌素后的头10年里，引起了全世界对这些化合物的极大兴趣。
This article describes the events leading to the discovery of the fumonisins in South Africa in 1988 and highlights the first 10 years (1988-1998) of fumonisin research. The predominant fungus isolated from moldy corn implicated in a field outbreak of equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) in South Africa in 1970 was Fusarium verticillioides (F. moniliforme). This fungus was also prevalent in moldy home-grown corn consumed by people in high-incidence areas of esophageal cancer (EC) in the Transkei region of South Africa. Culture material on corn of F. verticillioides strain MRC 826, which was isolated from moldy corn in Transkei, was shown to cause ELEM in horses, porcine pulmonary edema (PPE) syndrome in pigs, and liver cancer in rats. A short-term cancer initiation/promotion assay in rat liver was used to purify the carcinogen(s) in the culture material. These efforts finally met with success when fumonisins B1 and B2 novel mycotoxins with cancer-promoting activity in rat liver, were isolated from culture material of F. verticillioides MRC 826 at the Programme on Mycotoxins and Experimental Carcinogenesis of the Medical Research Council in Tygerberg, South Africa. Following the elucidation of the chemical structure of the fumonisins, these carcinogenic mycotoxins were shown to occur naturally in moldy corn in Transkei. Shortly thereafter, high levels of fumonisins in the 1989 U.S. corn crop resulted in large-scale field outbreaks of ELEM and PPE in horses and pigs, respectively, in the United States. Subsequently the fumonisins were found to occur naturally in corn worldwide, including corn consumed as the staple diet by people at high risk for EC in Transkei and China. These findings, together with the fact that the fumonisins cause field outbreaks of mycotoxicoses in animals, are carcinogenic in rats, and disrupt sphingolipid metabolism, have resulted in much worldwide interest in these compounds during the first 10 years after the discovery of the fumonisins in 1988.