SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AND SIXTH FORM PUPILS‘ APPROACHES TO LEARNING
SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AND SIXTH FORM PUPILS‘ APPROACHES TO LEARNING
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学校环境和六年级学生的学习方法
DOI：
10.1111/j.2044-8279.1989.tb03086.x
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发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Bowden
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Ramsden;E. Martin;J. Bowden
摘要本文介绍了澳大利亚学生在中学最后一年的研究结果。调查是基于一个模型之间的关系，学生的看法，学习方法和学习成果来自比格斯在澳大利亚和恩特威斯尔和拉姆斯登在英国的工作。在三个学校部门和50所学校的六年级环境和学生的学习方法的看法学校之间的差异被确定。一个关键的发现是，学校环境和学生的学习是以系统的方式相关。提供支持性教学、连贯结构、强调自主和适度强调成绩的学校环境与积极寻求理解、有组织的学习方法和避免肤浅的学习方法有关。学校的特点是极端强调正式的学术成就，其中教学狭隘地集中在考试的成功，是与一种倾向于最低限度的，生殖和毫不妥协的竞争性学习方法。访谈结果提供支持，这些关系的因果解释。考试成绩被发现是负相关的表面的方法和积极的，但非常弱，与深度的方法。本研究结果对学校效能研究有一定的启示。
Summary. The paper presents results from a study of Australian pupils in their final year of secondary schooling. The investigation is based on a model of the relation between pupils' perceptions, approaches to learning and learning outcomes derived from the work of Biggs in Australia and Entwistle and Ramsden in Britain. Between-school differences in perceptions of sixth form environments and their pupils' approaches to learning in three school sectors and 50 schools are identified. A key finding is that perceived school environments and pupils' learning are related in a systematic way. School environments offering supportive teaching, coherent structure, emphasis on autonomy and moderate stress on achievement are associated with learning involving an active search for understanding, organised study methods and avoidance of superficial approaches. Schools characterised by extreme emphasis on formal academic achievement, in which teaching is narrowly focused on examination success, are associated with a tendency towards minimalist, reproductive and uncompromisingly competitive approaches to learning. Interview results are presented that offer support for a causal interpretation of these relations. Examination performance is found to be negatively correlated with surface approach and positively, but very weakly, correlated with deep approach. Some implications of the findings for school effectiveness research are outlined.