Human interaction with lights-out automation: a field study
Human interaction with lights-out automation: a field study
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人机交互与熄灯自动化：现场研究
DOI：
10.1109/huics.1996.549525
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Christine M. Mitchell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Brann;D. Thurman;Christine M. Mitchell
描述了一个现场研究，其中最近实施的智能控制系统，美国宇航局卫星进行了观察。自主控制系统，称为精灵，旨在取代目前的两人操作团队，美国宇航局的工作人员为每个科学卫星的控制室。人们对使用更高的自动化来提高人员使用效率和降低成本很感兴趣。精灵是一类新兴的控制自动化技术的一个很好的例子，旨在取代负责系统控制的人类操作员;这种技术被称为“熄灯自动化”。该领域的研究试图评估在何种程度上的设计和结构的精灵允许这种自动化有效地发挥作用，并确定需要人为干预的问题的性质，无论是恢复手动控制系统本身或修复精灵。研究结果表明，为了使自动熄灯是有效的，它必须与人类操作员，谁偶尔会排除故障，维护和维修，在头脑中，有点类似的制造概念设计的可维护性。这项研究的结果表明，即使自动化旨在自主运行偶尔需要操作员干预。虽然操作员从监督控制器转变为异常管理器，但自动化在设计中必须以人为中心，即设计必须促进快速的人工检查，理解，干预，维修和维护。
Describes a field study in which a recently implemented intelligent control system for NASA satellites was observed. The autonomous control system, called Genie, is intended to replace the current two-person operations team with which NASA staffs the control rooms for each scientific satellite. There is good deal of interest in the use of increased automation to improve the efficiency with which personnel are used and to decrease costs. Genie is a good example of a class of emerging control automation technology that is intended to replace human operators responsible for system control; such technology has been called 'lights-out automation'. The field study attempts to assess the extent to which the design and structure of Genie allow such automation to function effectively and to determine the nature of problems which require human intervention either to resume manual control of the system itself or to repair Genie. The results suggest that in order for lights-out automation to be effective, it must be designed with the human operator, who will occasionally troubleshoot, maintain and repair it, in mind-somewhat similar to the manufacturing concept of designing for maintainability. The results of this study suggest that even automation intended to function autonomously occasionally requires operator intervention. Though the operator moves from supervisory controller to manager-by-exception, the automation must be human-centered in design, i.e. the design must facilitate rapid human inspection, comprehension, intervention, repair and maintenance.