SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Evidence Base for 2016 Updated Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment
SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Evidence Base for 2016 Updated Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment
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DOI：
10.1542/peds.2016-2940
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Moon, Rachel Y.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moon, Rachel Y.
在美国，每年约有3500名婴儿死于睡眠相关的婴儿死亡，包括婴儿猝死综合征（SIDS）、不明原因的死亡、意外窒息和在床上勒死。在20世纪90年代首次下降之后，与睡眠有关的婴儿死亡率在最近几年没有下降。SIDS和其他与睡眠有关的婴儿死亡的许多可改变和不可改变的风险因素惊人地相似。美国儿科学会建议安全的睡眠环境可以降低所有与睡眠有关的婴儿死亡的风险。安全睡眠环境的建议包括仰卧位，使用坚实的睡眠表面，不与床共享的房间，避免柔软的床上用品和过热。减少小岛屿发展中国家风险的其他建议包括避免接触吸烟、酒精和非法药物;母乳喂养;常规免疫接种;使用奶嘴。新的证据和理由的建议，皮肤对新生儿，床边和床上的睡眠者，睡在沙发/扶手椅和坐在设备，并使用柔软的床上用品后，4个月大的皮肤护理。此外，还包括婴儿睡眠位置的扩展建议。每项建议的建议和证据强度都发表在随附的政策声明中，“SIDS和其他睡眠相关的婴儿死亡：2016年安全婴儿睡眠环境的更新建议”。
Approximately 3500 infants die annually in the United States from sleep-related infant deaths, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), ill-defined deaths, and accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed. After an initial decrease in the 1990s, the overall sleep-related infant death rate has not declined in more recent years. Many of the modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for SIDS and other sleep-related infant deaths are strikingly similar. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a safe sleep environment that can reduce the risk of all sleep-related infant deaths. Recommendations for a safe sleep environment include supine positioning, use of a firm sleep surface, room-sharing without bed-sharing, and avoidance of soft bedding and overheating. Additional recommendations for SIDS risk reduction include avoidance of exposure to smoke, alcohol, and illicit drugs; breastfeeding; routine immunization; and use of a pacifier. New evidence and rationale for recommendations are presented for skin-to-skin care for newborn infants, bedside and in-bed sleepers, sleeping on couches/armchairs and in sitting devices, and use of soft bedding after 4 months of age. In addition, expanded recommendations for infant sleep location are included. The recommendations and strength of evidence for each recommendation are published in the accompanying policy statement, "SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Updated 2016 Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment, " which is included in this issue.