Cross-border policy effects on alcohol outcomes: drinking without thinking on the u.s.-Mexico border?
Cross-border policy effects on alcohol outcomes: drinking without thinking on the u.s.-Mexico border?
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跨境政策对饮酒结果的影响：喝酒时不考虑美墨边境？
DOI：
10.1111/acer.12548
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Vaeth,Patrice
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mills,BritainA;Caetano,Raul;Vaeth,Patrice
背景酒精相关结果的比率对政治上不同的相邻地区的政策差异很敏感。形成这些跨境影响的因素，特别是在政策差异长期存在的情况下，仍然知之甚少。我们比较了两类与美墨边境背景有理论相关性的变量-酒吧上座率和与酒精相关的社会认知变量-解释美国边境一侧相对于美国其他地区饮酒增加的能力。方法数据来自美墨边境内外的成年墨西哥裔美国人的多阶段整群样本(当前饮酒量N=1,351)。结构方程模型被用来检验饮酒环境(参加酒吧的频率)和6个不同的社会认知变量(包括与酒精相关的态度、规范、动机和信念)作为综合饮酒指数的边界效应的中介变量。结果饮酒的边界效应因年龄而异(年轻人表现出更强的影响)，与该地区以往的发现和已知的危险因素一致。与理论预期相反，6个不同的社会认知变量--尽管与饮酒密切相关--在边境和非边境地区(年龄内和跨年龄)具有可比性，在边境地区饮酒量增加中没有起到任何作用。相反，边境青年饮酒量的增加是通过酒吧出席率来调节的。在调整了潜在的社会人口学和邻里层面的混杂因素后，这种调节效应保持不变。结论美墨边境青年饮酒增加的原因是酒吧出勤的模式，而不是边境地区与酒精相关的更允许的社会认知变量：边境青年参加酒吧和饮酒比他们的非边境青年更多，尽管他们有类似的与酒精相关的信念、态度、规范和使用动机。酒精在边境两侧的可获得性和可见度都很高，这可能会为边境青年创造喝酒的机会，否则这些机会是不会考虑的。
BackgroundRates of alcohol‐related outcomes are sensitive to policy differences in politically distinct, adjacent territories. Factors that shape these cross‐border effects, particularly when the policy differences are longstanding, remain poorly understood. We compared the ability of 2 classes of variables with theoretical relevance to the U.S.–Mexico border context—bar attendance and alcohol‐related social–cognitive variables—to explain elevated drinking on the U.S. side of the border relative to other areas of the United States.MethodsData were collected from multistage cluster samples of adult Mexican Americans on and off the U.S.–Mexico border (current drinkerN= 1,351). Structural equation models were used to test drinking context (frequency of bar attendance) and 6 different social–cognitive variables (including alcohol‐related attitudes, norms, motives, and beliefs) as mediators of border effects on a composite drinking index.ResultsThe border effect on drinking varied by age (with younger adults showing a stronger effect), consistent with previous findings and known risk factors in the region. Contrary to theoretical expectations, 6 different social–cognitive variables—despite relating strongly with drinking—were comparable in border and nonborder areas (within and across age) and played no role in elevated drinking on the border. Conversely, elevated drinking among border youth was mediated by bar attendance. This mediated moderation effect held after adjusting for potential sociodemographic and neighborhood‐level confounders.ConclusionsIncreased drinking among U.S.–Mexico border youth is explained by patterns of bar attendance, but not by more permissive alcohol‐related social–cognitive variables in border areas: Border youth attend bars and drink more than their nonborder counterparts,despitehaving comparable alcohol‐related beliefs, attitudes, norms, and motives for use. Alcohol's heightened availability and visibility on both sides of the border may create opportunities for border youth to drink that otherwise would not be considered.