Effect of Temperature on the Corrosion of Zinc1
Effect of Temperature on the Corrosion of Zinc1
复制标题
温度对锌腐蚀的影响1
DOI：
10.1021/ie50260a011
复制
发表时间：
1931
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. L. Cox
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. L. Cox
金属在不同温度下在含氧水中的腐蚀速率一般受以下因素的影响：(1)各种腐蚀过程的比反应速率；(2)水的溶解度；(3)溶解氧在液体中的迁移速率；(4)腐蚀产物的性质。一般说来，在所有其他条件不变的情况下，温度的相等小增量导致化学反应的比反应速率几乎相同的倍增，但已证明铁在氧浓度恒定的水中的腐蚀速率随温度线性增加，腐蚀反应主要受氧向金属表面转移的速率的影响(7)。氧的转移速度主要取决于腐蚀产物的性质和温度对扩散速度的影响。然而，由于氧在水中的溶解度随着温度的升高而降低，在开放体系中，铁在水中的腐蚀速度是氧向金属表面转移的速度和氧的溶解度之间的平衡。因此，在一定的温度范围内，最终结果是腐蚀速率通过一个最大值。如果所有活性金属的腐蚀产物都以同样的方式受到温度的影响，人们相信这一解释对一些活性金属大体上是成立的。这是一个公认的事实，锌的氢氧化物或水合氧化物随着温度的变化而具有不同的性质(2，S，4，5)。在室温下，水合氧化物以凝胶的形式沉淀，并带有不确定的吸附水。当沉淀物被加热时，它逐渐失去。
THE corrosion rates of metals in oxygenated water at varying tem-peratures are influenced, in general, by the manner in which temperature affects (1) the specific reaction rates of the various corrosion processes,(2) oxygen solu-bility of the water,(3) the rate of transfer of dissolved oxygen through the liquid, and (4) the nature of the corrosion products. In general, all other conditions being constant, equal small increments of temperature cause approximately the same multiplication of specific reaction rates of chemical processes, but it has been demonstrated that the corrosion rate of iron in water of constant oxygen concentration in-creases linearly with temperature, and that the corrosion re-action is influenced chiefly by the rate of transfer of oxygen to the metal surface (7). The rate of transfer of oxygen will be determined largely by the nature of the corrosion products and the effect of temperature upon the rate of diffusion. However, on account of the decreasing solubility of oxygen in water with risingtemperature, the corrosion rate of iron in water in open systems is a balance between the rate of transfer of oxygen to the metal surface and the oxygen solubility. Therefore, over a range of temperature, the net result is that the corrosion rate passes through a maximum. It is believed that this explanation will hold in general for a number of active metals, provided the corrosion products of all are affected by temperature in the same manner. It is a recognized fact that the hydroxide, or hydrous oxide, of zinc has varying properties as the temperature is changed (2, S, 4, 5). At room temperature the hydrous oxide precipitates in the form of a gel with an indefinite amount of adsorbed water. When the precipitate is heated, it gradually loses