Organization of the upper limb movement for piano key-depression differs between expert pianists and novice players
Organization of the upper limb movement for piano key-depression differs between expert pianists and novice players
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DOI：
10.1007/s00221-007-1184-9
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Kinoshita, Hiroshi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Furuya, Shinichi;Kinoshita, Hiroshi
本研究探讨了钢琴触键时上肢动作组织的专家-新手差异。运动学和肌电图记录，而专家（N = 7）和新手（N = 7）的古典钢琴演奏者进行了右手八度音阶，产生四个不同的声音动态。还估计了在键底力矩（键力扭矩）处产生的关节扭矩。在所有的声音动力学，专家表现出更大的手指攻击角度，更多的弯曲的肩膀，手腕，和MP关节，更多的延长肘关节，和更小的关键力扭矩在MP关节比新手。专家们在键底时刻之前的一段时间内，手指屈伸肌的共同激活水平也较低。为了获得专家们的大攻击角度，当指尖按下键到底部时，他们的肩膀被主动弯曲，前臂向前推，手向前旋转。另一方面，新手则主动伸展肩膀，向下移动前臂和手来按下按键。这些结果证实了专家和新手之间的键-压运动组织的实质性差异。这些研究结果还表明，专家们使用协同组织的多关节肢体运动，使他们能够最大限度地减少生物力学负荷和肌肉的努力，以远端肌肉。另一方面，初学者倾向于依赖于通过日常经验发展的关节运动的基本协同作用。
The present study investigated the expert-novice difference in the organization of upper-limb movement for the key-depression on the piano. Kinematic and electromyographic recordings were made while experts (N = 7) and novices (N = 7) of classical-piano players performed a right hand octave keystroke to produce four different sound dynamics. The joint torque generated at the key-bottom moment (key-force torque) was also estimated. At all sound dynamics, the experts showed a larger finger attack angle, more flexed shoulder, wrist, and MP joints, more extended elbow joint, and smaller key-force torque at the MP joint than the novices. The level of co-activation in the finger flexor-extensor muscles during the period prior to the key-bottom moment was also lower for the experts. To attain the large attack angle by the experts, as the fingertip depressed the key to the bottom, their shoulder was actively flexed, the forearm was thrust forward, and the hand was rotated forward. The novices, on the other hand, actively extended their shoulder to move the forearm and hand downward to depress the key. These results confirmed a substantial difference in the key-depression movement organization between the experts and novices. These findings also suggest that experts use a synergistically organized multi-joint limb motion that allows them to minimize the biomechanical load and muscular effort to the distal muscles. The novices, on the other hand, tend to rely on a rudimentary synergy of joint motion developed through daily experience.