Evaluation of interventions to reduce air pollution from biomass smoke on mortality in Launceston, Australia: retrospective analysis of daily mortality, 1994-2007.
Evaluation of interventions to reduce air pollution from biomass smoke on mortality in Launceston, Australia: retrospective analysis of daily mortality, 1994-2007.
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DOI：
10.1136/bmj.e8446
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发表时间：
2013-01-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Morgan GG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Johnston FH;Hanigan IC;Henderson SB;Morgan GG
目的评价生物质烟雾污染对居民日死亡率的影响。设计年龄分层的时间序列分析的每日死亡率与泊松回归模型调整的影响，温度，湿度，一周中的一天，呼吸道流行病，长期死亡率的趋势，适用于干预和控制社区。设置中央朗塞斯顿，澳大利亚，一个城镇，其中实施协调战略，以减少木材烟雾和中央霍巴特，一个可比的城市，其中没有具体的空气质量干预措施。参与者67 000朗塞斯顿中部居民和148 000霍巴特中部居民（2001年人口普查）。2001年冬季开始开展社区教育运动，执行环境条例，并实施一项木材取暖器更换方案，以减少住宅用木材取暖器造成的环境污染。主要观察指标为2001年6月前后朗塞斯顿和霍巴特6.5年期间每日全因、心血管和呼吸系统死亡率的变化。结果朗塞斯顿冬季PM10（粒径<10 µm的颗粒物）日平均浓度从1994-2000年的44 µg/m3下降到2001-07年的27 µg/m3。空气质量改善的时期与年死亡率的小幅非显著降低有关。在男性中，观察到的年死亡率下降幅度更大，并且对于所有原因（− 11.4%，95%置信区间−19.2%至−2.9%; P=0.01），心血管（− 17.9%，−30.6%至−2.8%; P=0.02）和呼吸（− 22.8%，−40.6%至0.3%; P=0.05）死亡率都有显著性下降。在冬季，心血管（− 19.6%，−36.3%至1.5%; P=0.06）和呼吸（− 27.9%，−49.5%至3.1%; P=0.07）死亡率的下降具有临界意义（男性和女性合并）。在对照城市霍巴特，死亡率没有显著变化。结论：环境生物质烟雾造成的空气污染减少与男性年死亡率降低以及冬季心血管和呼吸系统死亡率降低有关。
Objective To assess the effect of reductions in air pollution from biomass smoke on daily mortality. Design Age stratified time series analysis of daily mortality with Poisson regression models adjusted for the effects of temperature, humidity, day of week, respiratory epidemics, and secular mortality trends, applied to an intervention and control community. Setting Central Launceston, Australia, a town in which coordinated strategies were implemented to reduce pollution from wood smoke and central Hobart, a comparable city in which there were no specific air quality interventions. Participants 67 000 residents of central Launceston and 148 000 residents of central Hobart (at 2001 census). Interventions Community education campaigns, enforcement of environmental regulations, and a wood heater replacement programme to reduce ambient pollution from residential wood stoves started in the winter of 2001. Main outcome measures Changes in daily all cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality during the 6.5 year periods before and after June 2001 in Launceston and Hobart. Results Mean daily wintertime concentration of PM10 (particulate matter with particle size <10 µm diameter) fell from 44 µg/m3 during 1994-2000 to 27 µg/m3 during 2001-07 in Launceston. The period of improved air quality was associated with small non-significant reductions in annual mortality. In males the observed reductions in annual mortality were larger and significant for all cause (−11.4%, 95% confidence interval −19.2% to −2.9%; P=0.01), cardiovascular (−17.9%, −30.6% to −2.8%; P=0.02), and respiratory (−22.8%, −40.6% to 0.3%; P=0.05) mortality. In wintertime reductions in cardiovascular (−19.6%, −36.3% to 1.5%; P=0.06) and respiratory (−27.9%, −49.5% to 3.1%; P=0.07) mortality were of borderline significance (males and females combined). There were no significant changes in mortality in the control city of Hobart. Conclusions Decreased air pollution from ambient biomass smoke was associated with reduced annual mortality in males and with reduced cardiovascular and respiratory mortality during winter months.