Age-related effects on word recognition: Reliance on cognitive control systems with structural declines in speech-responsive cortex
Age-related effects on word recognition: Reliance on cognitive control systems with structural declines in speech-responsive cortex
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DOI：
10.1007/s10162-008-0113-3
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Dubno, Judy R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eckert, Mark A.;Walczak, Adam;Dubno, Judy R.
对于老年人来说，即使对于听力正常的人来说，语音识别也可能是困难且费力的。据推测，额叶认知控制能力下降会导致与年龄相关的语音识别问题。这项研究检查了 15 名临床听力正常的成年人（21-75 岁）在执行单词识别任务时额叶功能与年龄相关的变化，该任务因单词清晰度下降而变得具有挑战性。尽管单词识别没有与年龄相关的变化，但在单词识别过程中，左额中回（MFG）和前扣带回（ACC）区域的活动程度存在与年龄相关的变化。老年人在单词最容易理解时参与离开 MFG 和 ACC 区域，而年轻人则在单词最难理解时参与这些区域。即使在控制了总灰质体积之后，对单词清晰度做出反应的颞叶区域内灰质体积的下降也显着预测了左侧 MFG 的活动，这表明对言语做出反应的大脑区域结构完整性的下降会导致在单词易于理解时额叶区域的募集。
Speech recognition can be difficult and effortful for older adults, even for those with normal hearing. Declining frontal lobe cognitive control has been hypothesized to cause age-related speech recognition problems. This study examined age-related changes in frontal lobe function for 15 clinically normal hearing adults (21-75 years) when they performed a word recognition task that was made challenging by decreasing word intelligibility. Although there were no age-related changes in word recognition, there were age-related changes in the degree of activity within left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and anterior cingulate (ACC) regions during word recognition. Older adults engaged left MFG and ACC regions when words were most intelligible compared to younger adults who engaged these regions when words were least intelligible. Declining gray matter volume within temporal lobe regions responsive to word intelligibility significantly predicted left MFG activity, even after controlling for total gray matter volume, suggesting that declining structural integrity of brain regions responsive to speech leads to the recruitment of frontal regions when words are easily understood.