Diet and foraging effort of Adelie penguins in relation to pack-ice conditions in the southern Ross Sea
Diet and foraging effort of Adelie penguins in relation to pack-ice conditions in the southern Ross Sea
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DOI：
10.1007/s003000050308
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发表时间：
1998-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Karl, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ainley, DG;Wilson, PR;Karl, B
我们调查的饮食和方面的觅食努力之间的阿德利企鹅（Pygoscelis adeliae）繁殖在罗斯岛上的三个殖民地，在西南部的罗斯海- Gapes罗伊兹，鸟和克罗齐尔-在鸡供应期间的三个南方的夏天，1994-1995年，1995-1996年和1996-1997年。在研究期间，这些殖民地的近海沃茨的浮冰覆盖率因殖民地、季节和年份而异。殖民地之间的饮食差异很小。鱼Pleuragramma anacuticum是最重要的猎物，特别是在几年或几年内的时期，当很少包冰存在。至于磷虾，其中构成的其余部分的饮食，青少年磷虾crystallorophias消费主要是在一年的沉重包冰覆盖，更多的成年磷虾消费在2年包冰稀疏。觅食旅行持续时间不同的殖民地，季节和年份，并直接相关的距离从殖民地最近的浮冰。给小鸡带来的食物量随着旅行持续时间的增加而增加，达到一个点（2天），但随后随着持续时间的进一步增加而减少（最多4天）。根据数据的质量的父母和膳食大小的小鸡，它似乎是在最长的行程更多的食物收集的父母用于自我维护：在最长的行程，父母失去了身体质量。成功的觅食在小鸡饲养期间，当成年觅食是最激烈的时期，似乎取决于接近浮冰筑巢殖民地的这种企鹅物种。
We investigated the diet and aspects of foraging effort among Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) breeding at three colonies on Ross Island, in the southwestern Ross Sea - Gapes Royds, Bird and Crozier - during the chick-provisioning period of three austral summers, 1994-1995, 1995-1996 and 1996-1997. During the study period, pack-ice cover differed in waters offshore of these colonies, by colony, seasons and year. Diet differed among colonies only slightly. The fish Pleuragramma antarcticum was the most important prey, especially during years or periods within years when little pack ice was present. With respect to krill, which composed the remainder of diet, juvenile Euphausia crystallorophias were consumed predominantly in a year of heavy pack-ice cover; more adult krill were consumed in 2 years when pack ice was sparse. Foraging trip duration differed by colony, season and year and was related directly to distance from the colony to the nearest pack ice. The amount of food brought to chicks increased as trip duration increased, to a point (2 days), but then decreased as duration increased further (up to 4 days). On the basis of data on mass of parents and of meal sizes to chicks, it appeared that on the longest trips more of the food gathered by parents was used for self maintenance: on the longest trips, parents lost body mass. Successful foraging during chick rearing, the period when adult foraging is most intense, appears to depend on the proximity of pack ice to nesting colonies for this penguin species.