Positive emotional style predicts resistance to illness after experimental exposure to rhinovirus or influenza A virus
Positive emotional style predicts resistance to illness after experimental exposure to rhinovirus or influenza A virus
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DOI：
10.1097/01.psy.0000245867.92364.3c
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发表时间：
2006-11-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Turner, Ronald B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohen, Sheldon;Alper, Cuneyt M.;Turner, Ronald B.
目的：在早期的一项研究中，积极的情绪风格(PES)与对普通感冒的抵抗力和倾向于低估(相对于客观疾病标记物)症状严重程度有关。这项工作没有对与PES密切相关的社会和认知因素进行控制。我们用一种不同的病毒复制了原始研究，并对这些替代解释进行了对照。方法：对193名年龄在21-55岁的健康志愿者进行了以快乐、活泼和平静为特征的PES；以焦虑、敌对和抑郁为特征的消极情绪风格；其他认知和社交倾向；以及自我报告的健康状况。随后，他们通过滴鼻液接触鼻病毒或流感病毒，并在隔离中监测客观的疾病体征和自我报告的症状。结果：对于这两种病毒，PES的增加与客观标准定义的较低的上呼吸道疾病风险(调整后的优势比，比较最低和最高三分位数=2.9)相关，并与同时存在的客观疾病标志物报告的症状比预期的更少相关。这些关联与挑战前病毒特异性抗体、病毒类型、年龄、性别、教育程度、种族、体重、季节和NES无关。他们也独立于乐观、外向、掌握、自尊、目标和自我报告的健康状况。结论：我们复制了PES与感冒、PES和有偏见的症状报告之间的预期关联，将这些结果扩展到流感病毒感染，并“排除”了替代假设。这些结果表明，PES在健康中可能发挥着比之前认为的更重要的作用。
Objective: In an earlier study, positive emotional style (PES) was associated with resistance to the common cold and a bias to underreport (relative to objective disease markers) symptom severity. This work did not control for social and cognitive factors closely associated with PES. We replicate the original study using a different virus and controls for these alternative explanations. Methods: One hundred ninety-three healthy volunteers ages 21 to 55 years were assessed for a PES characterized by being happy, lively, and calm; a negative emotional style (NES) characterized by being anxious, hostile, and depressed; other cognitive and social dispositions; and self-reported health. Subsequently, they were exposed by nasal drops to a rhinovirus or influenza virus and monitored in quarantine for objective signs of illness and self-reported symptoms. Results: For both viruses, increased PES was associated with lower risk of developing an upper respiratory illness as defined by objective criteria (adjusted odds ratio comparing lowest with highest tertile = 2.9) and with reporting fewer symptoms than expected from concurrent objective markers of illness. These associations were independent of prechallenge virus-specific antibody, virus type, age, sex, education, race, body mass, season, and NES. They were also independent of optimism, extraversion, mastery, self-esteem, purpose, and self-reported health. Conclusions: We replicated the prospective association of PES and colds and PES and biased symptom reporting, extended those results to infection with an influenza virus, and "ruled out" alternative hypotheses. These results indicate that PES may play a more important role in health than previously thought.