The effects of cognitive reappraisal following retrieval-procedures designed to destabilize alcohol memories in high-risk drinkers.
The effects of cognitive reappraisal following retrieval-procedures designed to destabilize alcohol memories in high-risk drinkers.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-015-4164-y
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发表时间：
2016-03
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Kamboj SK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hon T;Das RK;Kamboj SK
成瘾是一种动机性学习和记忆障碍。将药物相关刺激与药物寻求联系起来的适应不良动机记忆是在数百次强化试验中形成的，并伴随着中皮层边缘奖赏系统的异常神经适应。这样的记忆不会消失。然而，提取依赖性记忆可塑性的发现开辟了在“再巩固”过程中永久修改已建立的（长期）记忆的可能性。在这里，我们调查是否重新评估适应不良的酒精认知后，旨在破坏酒精记忆网络的程序影响随后的酒精记忆，渴望，饮酒和注意力偏差。47名高危饮酒者参加了两次会议。在第一次实验室会议上，参与者经历了两个预测错误生成程序中的一个，在检索酒精记忆（遗漏和价值预测错误组）时违反了结果预期。对照组的参与者恢复了非酒精记忆。然后，参与者重新评估个人相关的适应不良酒精记忆，并完成重新评估回忆，酒精语言流畅性和渴望的措施。七天后，他们重复这些措施沿着注意力偏差评估。遗漏预测错误（意外地被阻止喝啤酒），但不是一个价值预测错误（喝意想不到的苦啤酒）或控制程序（喝意想不到的苦橙子汁），与积极的酒精相关的词的语言流畅性显着下降。未检测到其他统计学上可靠的结果。这项研究提供了部分初步支持的想法，一个共同的心理治疗策略的背景下，假定的记忆检索不稳定，可以改变酒精语义网络的可访问性。仍然需要进一步的研究来描述基于记忆不稳定的酒精记忆表现改变的必要和充分的要求。
Addiction is a disorder of motivational learning and memory. Maladaptive motivational memories linking drug-associated stimuli to drug seeking are formed over hundreds of reinforcement trials and accompanied by aberrant neuroadaptation in the mesocorticolimbic reward system. Such memories are resistant to extinction. However, the discovery of retrieval-dependent memory plasticity has opened up the possibility of permanent modification of established (long-term) memories during ‘reconsolidation’. Here, we investigate whether reappraisal of maladaptive alcohol cognitions performed after procedures designed to destabilize alcohol memory networks affected subsequent alcohol memory, craving, drinking and attentional bias. Forty-seven at-risk drinkers attended two sessions. On the first lab session, participants underwent one of two prediction error-generating procedures in which outcome expectancies were violated while retrieving alcohol memories (omission and value prediction error groups). Participants in a control group retrieved non-alcohol memories. Participants then reappraised personally relevant maladaptive alcohol memories and completed measures of reappraisal recall, alcohol verbal fluency and craving. Seven days later, they repeated these measures along with attentional bias assessment. Omission prediction error (being unexpectedly prevented from drinking beer), but not a value prediction error (drinking unexpectedly bitter-tasting beer) or control procedure (drinking unexpectedly bitter orange juice), was associated with significant reductions in verbal fluency for positive alcohol-related words. No other statistically robust outcomes were detected. This study provides partial preliminary support for the idea that a common psychotherapeutic strategy used in the context of putative memory retrieval-destabilization can alter accessibility of alcohol semantic networks. Further research delineating the necessary and sufficient requirements for producing alterations in alcohol memory performance based on memory destabilization is still required.