Herbaceous plant diversity in forest ecosystems: patterns, mechanisms, and threats
Herbaceous plant diversity in forest ecosystems: patterns, mechanisms, and threats
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DOI：
10.1007/s11258-021-01202-9
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发表时间：
2021-11
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
M. Spicer;Harikrishnan Venugopalan Nair Radhamoni;M. Duguid;S. Queenborough;L. Comita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Spicer;Harikrishnan Venugopalan Nair Radhamoni;M. Duguid;S. Queenborough;L. Comita
在森林中进行的研究导致了我们今天建立的大部分生态理论。然而，我们对森林生态的基本认识几乎完全来自对树木的研究，尽管它们只代表森林中植物多样性的一小部分。近几十年来，对森林草本植物的研究越来越多，拓宽了我们对森林生态系统中植物群落生态学的了解。在这里，我们重点介绍了最近的十项研究，研究森林中草本植物多样性的模式和驱动因素以及威胁。我们首先研究当地，区域和全球森林中的草本植物多样性的模式，以及这种模式如何不同的木本与草本物种。然后，我们专注于生态机制，有助于森林草本植物多样性，包括非生物和生物相互作用的作用。最后，我们讨论了一些主要的人为影响森林草本植物的多样性，确定草本植物是特别敏感或特别有弹性的当前和预测的变化相比，树木。我们的研究表明，木本和草本植物群落之间的多样性模式和驱动因素往往不同。为了便于进行跨地点比较，非常需要对草本植物采用更标准化的调查方法，同时测量多种植物生长形式，并将草本植物纳入长期森林监测网络。此外，选定的研究揭示了土地利用历史，过度丰富的食草动物，入侵物种和气候变化都在影响森林草本植物群落。草本植物的一些共同特点，如有限的分散和身材矮小，可能使森林草本植物群落更容易受到这些人为影响，而其他特点（如，与森林树木相比，重新发芽能力、克隆繁殖）可能使它们更具弹性。植物生态学家和应用森林从业者都需要进行更多的研究，以预测未来草本森林多样性将如何变化。
Studies conducted in forests have resulted in much of the ecological theory we build upon today. However, our basic understanding of forest ecology comes almost exclusively from the study of trees, even though they represent only a small fraction of the plant diversity present in forests. In recent decades there has been an increasing number of studies of forest herbs, broadening our understanding of plant community ecology in forest ecosystems. Here we highlight ten recent studies examining patterns and drivers of, as well as threats to, herbaceous plant diversity in forests. We first examine local, regional, and global patterns of herbaceous diversity in forests and how such patterns differ for woody versus herbaceous species. We then focus on ecological mechanisms that contribute to forest herb diversity, including the role of abiotic and biotic interactions. We end by discussing some major anthropogenic impacts on forest herb diversity, identifying where herbs are particularly susceptible or particularly resilient to current and predicted changes in comparison to trees. The studies we feature demonstrate that patterns and drivers of diversity often differ between woody and herbaceous plant communities. To facilitate cross-site comparisons, there is great need for more standardized survey methods for herbaceous plants, for simultaneous measurements of multiple plant growth forms, and for incorporating herbs into long-term forest monitoring networks. In addition, the selected studies reveal how land-use history, overabundant herbivores, invasive species, and climate change are all impacting forest herb communities. Some common characteristics of herbaceous plants, such as limited dispersal and small stature, may make forest herb communities more susceptible to these anthropogenic impacts, while others (e.g., resprouting ability, clonal reproduction) may make them more resilient compared to forest trees. More research is needed from both plant ecologists and applied forest practitioners to predict how herbaceous forest diversity will change in the future.