Sex, GABA, and nicotine: The impact of smoking on cortical GABA levels across the menstrual cycle as measured with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Sex, GABA, and nicotine: The impact of smoking on cortical GABA levels across the menstrual cycle as measured with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.09.021
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Mason, GF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Epperson, CN;O'Malley, S;Mason, GF
背景：鉴于尼古丁调节氨基酸神经传递，我们试图检测尼古丁对男性和女性吸烟者皮质γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)水平的影响。健康的尼古丁依赖男性(n=10)和女性(h=6)接受了质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)测量枕叶皮质GABA的浓度。其中一组吸烟男性(n=5)在戒烟48小时前后接受了1H-MRS扫描，而每个女性都计划在一个月经周期的卵泡和黄体期进行戒烟前和戒烟后的扫描。健康的不吸烟男性(n=7)和女性(n=13)进行了1H-MRS比较。结果：短期戒烟对男性和女性大脑皮质GABA浓度均无显著影响。然而，性别、诊断(吸烟者/不吸烟者)和月经周期阶段对皮质GABA水平有显著影响，女性吸烟者在卵泡期皮质GABA水平显著降低，整个月经周期的GABA水平没有周期性变化，而吸烟和不吸烟男性的皮质GABA水平相似。结论：结合以往1H-MRS数据显示，在几种情感障碍中，枕叶皮质GABA浓度异常，我们的初步发现为研究尼古丁对中枢GABAA功能的影响提供了进一步的理论基础，尼古丁对中枢GABAA功能的影响是女性在戒烟期间体验抑郁症状的潜在危险因素。
Background: Given that nicotine modulates amino acid neurotransmission, we sought to examine the impact of nicotine on cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in male and female smokers.Methods:. Healthy nicotine-dependent men (n = 10) and women (h = 6) underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to measure occipital cortex GABA concentrations. A subset of the smoking men (n = 5) underwent 1H-MRS scans before and after 48 hours of smoking abstinence, whereas each of the women were scheduled to undergo pre- and postabstinence scans during the follicular and luteal phases of one menstrual cycle. Healthy nonsmoking men (n = 7) and women (n = 13) underwent 1H-MRS for comparison.Results: Short-term abstinence bad no significant effect on cortical GABA concentrations in either men or women. There was, however, a significant effect of sex, diagnosis (smoker/nonsmoker), and menstrual cycle phase on cortical GABA levels, such that female smokers experienced a significant reduction in cortical GABA levels during the follicular phase and no cyclicity in GABA levels across the menstrual cycle, whereas cortical GABA levels were similar in smoking and nonsmoking men.Conclusions: Taken together with previous 1H-MRS data showing abnormalities in occipital cortex GABA concentrations in several affective disorders, our preliminary finding that nicotine modulation of GABA levels varies by sex provides a further rationale for investigating the impact of nicotine on central GABAergic function as a potential risk factor for women to experience depressive symptoms during smoking cessation.