Directed technical change
Directed technical change
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DOI：
10.1111/1467-937x.00226
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发表时间：
2002-10-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Acemoglu, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Acemoglu, D
在宏观经济学、发展经济学、劳动经济学、国际贸易等诸多问题中，技术进步是否偏向于特定因素是至关重要的。本文开发了一个简单的框架来分析形成这些偏见的力量。影响均衡偏差的主要因素有两个：价格效应和市场规模效应。前者鼓励针对稀缺要素的创新，后者则导致有利于丰富要素的技术变革。不同要素之间的替代弹性决定了这些影响的强度，决定了技术变化和要素价格如何对相对供给的变化做出反应。如果替代弹性足够大，对一种要素的长期相对需求就会上升。
For many problems in macroeconomics, development economics, tabour economics, and international trade, whether technical change is biased towards particular factors is of central importance. This paper develops a simple framework to analyse the forces that shape these biases. There are two major forces affecting equilibrium bias: the price effect and the market size effect. While the former encourages innovations directed at scarce factors, the latter leads to technical change favouring abundant factors. The elasticity of substitution between different factors regulates how powerful these effects are, determining how technical change and factor prices respond to changes in relative supplies. If the elasticity of substitution is sufficiently large, the long run relative demand for a factor can slope up.