Simulating galaxies in the reionization era with FIRE-2: morphologies and sizes

Simulating galaxies in the reionization era with FIRE-2: morphologies and sizes
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使用 FIRE-2 模拟再电离时代的星系:形态和大小

DOI:
10.1093/mnras/sty684
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Wetzel, Andrew
Wetzel, Andrew
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ma, Xiangcheng;Hopkins, Philip F;Boylan-Kolchin, Michael;Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André;Quataert, Eliot;Feldmann, Robert;Garrison-Kimmel, Shea;Hayward, Christopher C;Kereš, Dušan;Wetzel, Andrew

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我们使用来自现实环境反馈项目的高分辨率宇宙学放大模拟研究了atz≥5的星系的形态和大小。这些星系呈现出各种各样的形态,从致密到块状再到不规则。与静止框架紫外光相比,静止框架光学b波段光测量的模拟星系具有更广泛的形态和更大的尺寸;从恒星质量表面密度测量的尺寸甚至更大。紫外形态通常由几个小而明亮的年轻恒星团控制,这些恒星团并不总是与显著的恒星质量有关。b波段的光比紫外线更能追踪恒星质量,但它也会受到明亮团块的影响。在所有的红移中,星系的大小与恒星的质量/光度相关,散射很大。在固定星等下,半光半径范围为0.01 ~ 0.2弧秒(物理范围为0.05-1千秒)。Atz≥5时,固定恒星质量/光度的星系的大小演化为(1 +z)−m,其中m ~ 1 - 2。对于质量小于m * ~ 108M⊙的星系,半质量半径与晕维里半径的比值为${\sim}10\hbox{%}$,并且不显著演化atz= 5-10;对于质量更大的星系,这一比例通常为1 - 5%。在较浅的表面亮度限制下,星系的“观测”大小会急剧减小。这种效应可能解释了哈勃前沿场中测量到的z≥5个星系的极小尺寸。我们提供了典型星系atz= 6的累积光分布作为表面亮度函数的预测。
We study the morphologies and sizes of galaxies atz≥ 5 using high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulations from the Feedback In Realistic Environments project. The galaxies show a variety of morphologies, from compact to clumpy to irregular. The simulated galaxies have more extended morphologies and larger sizes when measured using rest-frame opticalB-band light than rest-frame UV light; sizes measured from stellar mass surface density are even larger. The UV morphologies are usually dominated by several small, bright young stellar clumps that are not always associated with significant stellar mass. TheB-band light traces stellar mass better than the UV, but it can also be biased by the bright clumps. At all redshifts, galaxy size correlates with stellar mass/luminosity with large scatter. The half-light radii range from 0.01 to 0.2 arcsec (0.05–1 kpc physical) at fixed magnitude. Atz≥ 5, the size of galaxies at fixed stellar mass/luminosity evolves as (1 +z)−m, withm∼ 1–2. For galaxies less massive thanM*∼ 108M⊙, the ratio of the half-mass radius to the halo virial radius is ${\sim }10\hbox{ per cent}$ and does not evolve significantly atz= 5–10; this ratio is typically 1–5 per cent for more massive galaxies. A galaxy's ‘observed’ size decreases dramatically at shallower surface brightness limits. This effect may account for the extremely small sizes ofz≥ 5 galaxies measured in the Hubble Frontier Fields. We provide predictions for the cumulative light distribution as a function of surface brightness for typical galaxies atz= 6.
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