Generalization and the hippocampus: More than one story?
Generalization and the hippocampus: More than one story?
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概括和海马：多个故事？
DOI：
10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107317
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发表时间：
2020-11
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Bowman CR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zeithamova D;Bowman CR
基于记忆的认知既依赖于记住个人经验的具体细节的能力，也依赖于将经验中的信息联合收割机以概括和推导新知识的能力。海马在快速编码特定事件中的作用早已确立。最近的研究也证明了海马体对泛化的贡献，但它们的本质仍然存在争议。当前的评论概述了两条研究路线（情景推理和分类）中基于海马的概括，并讨论了可能支持这种概括的四种候选机制和代表方案的证据。我们强调的证据表明，海马体有助于特定的记忆概括的决定，但也形成概括的表示，整合信息的经验。目前，对于这种广义表征如何形成以及与特定记忆的相关性，有多种观点是合理的。未来的研究，使用行为和神经指标的泛化和特异性可能有助于解决候选泛化机制之间的可能性，一个以上的观点，基于campal的泛化可能是有效的。重要的是，所有的观点都强调海马体在认知中的更广泛作用，而不仅仅是记住过去。
Memory-based cognition depends on both the ability to remember specific details of individual experiences and the ability to combine information across experiences to generalize and derive new knowledge. A hippocampal role in rapid encoding of specific events is long established. More recent research also demonstrates hippocampal contributions to generalization, but their nature is still debated. The current review provides an overview of hippocampal-based generalization in two lines of research—episodic inference and categorization—and discusses evidence for four candidate mechanisms and representational schemes that may underpin such generalization. We highlight evidence showing that the hippocampus contributes specific memories to generalization decisions, but also form generalized representations that integrate information across experiences. Multiple views are currently plausible of how such generalized representations form and relate to specific memories. Future research that uses behavioral and neural indices of both generalization and specificity may help resolve between the candidate generalization mechanisms, with the possibility that more than one view of hippocampal-based generalization may be valid. Importantly, all views share the emphasis on the broader role of the hippocampus in cognition that goes beyond remembering the past.