Group Identities: The Social Identity Perspective
Group Identities: The Social Identity Perspective
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群体身份：社会身份视角
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Spears
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Spears
群体认同的概念及其对自我和与他人的关系的影响是通过心理学中的社会认同方法来解决的。我回顾了这一方法，包括社会认同理论、自我归类理论和最重要的后续发展。社会认同理论不仅解决了群体之间分化和歧视的基础，而且还将社会竞争视为弱势群体挑战现状的一种手段，有助于解释社会变革。自我归类理论发展了群体同一性的概念，澄清了与个人同一性形式的对比，并扩展了应用范围，以解决社会心理学中的一系列经典现象。这些问题包括明显与群体间背景有关的问题(定型观念、突出地位、集体行为)，以及其他群体间层面并不总是得到承认的问题(自我、社会影响、领导力等)。社会认同方法的一些关键扩展和发展集中在可以影响认同的突显和战略表达的语境因素(去个人化效应的社会认同模型)，身份如何通过集体斗争转变和激进化(详细的社会认同模型)，以及情绪对群体认同和群体生活的重要性(群体间情绪理论)。这些扩展有助于进一步指定群体行为可能采取的确切形式以及负责这一行为的过程。社会认同方法的影响不仅在社会心理学内部，而且在其边界之外，既指向了群体认同的重要性，也指向了这一理论传统的启发式和解释性价值。
The concept of group identity, and its implications for the self and relation to others are addressed by the social identity approach within psychology. I review this approach, comprising social identity theory, self-categorization theory, and the most important subsequent developments. Social identity theory not only addresses the bases for differentiation and discrimination between groups, but it also views social competition as a means for disadvantaged groups to challenge the status quo, helping to explain social change. Self-categorization theory develops the concept of group identity, clarifying the contrast with personal forms of identity, and extends the realm of application to address a range of classical phenomena within social psychology. These include issues clearly relating to the intergroup context (stereotyping, salience, collective behavior), as well as others where an intergroup dimension has not always been acknowledged (self, social influence, leadership, etc.). Some key extensions and developments of the social identity approach focus on contextual factors that can affect the salience and strategic expression of identity (the social identity model of deindividuation effects), how identity is transformed and radicalized through collective struggle (the elaborated social identity model), and the importance of emotions to group identity and group life (intergroup emotion theory). These extensions help to specify further the precise forms that group behavior may take and the processes responsible for this. The influence of the social identity approach not only within social psychology, but also beyond its borders, points both to the importance of group identity and to the heuristic and explanatory value of this theoretical tradition.
DOI：
10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00379.x
发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Haslam, S. Alexander;Jetten, Jolanda;Haslam, Catherine
通讯作者：
Haslam, Catherine