Key innovations and climatic niche divergence as drivers of diversification in subtropical Gentianinae in southeastern and eastern Asia.
Key innovations and climatic niche divergence as drivers of diversification in subtropical Gentianinae in southeastern and eastern Asia.
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DOI：
10.3732/ajb.1500352
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发表时间：
2016-05
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Sabine Matuszak;A. Favre;J. Schnitzler;A. N. Muellner‐Riehl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sabine Matuszak;A. Favre;J. Schnitzler;A. N. Muellner‐Riehl
与青藏高原（QTP）隆升相关的地质和气候变化被认为是当地和邻近地区生物多样性的驱动因素。为了验证这一假设，我们调查了生态位进化的双蝴蝶属（龙胆科）和相关的亚洲属通过时间。方法采用最大熵模型（MaxEnt）进行物种分布建模。此外，我们进行了随机字符映射，并通过时间图产生的可靠性，并使用二进制状态物种形成和灭绝方法（BISSE）检查假定的关键创新。关键结果Kuepferia和Sinogentiana喜欢最凉爽和最干燥的栖息地，具有相当保守的生态位。尽管有生态位进化的趋势，但由于其扩散能力差，Crawfurdia和Metagentiana可能仅限于狭窄的分布范围。相比之下，双蝴蝶具有最广泛的生态位，并在最温暖和最潮湿的条件下出现。生态位进化程度高、扩散机制有效，使该属的分布更加多样化，分布范围更广。结论产干胶囊的QTP属无论是表现出生态位保守性（Kuepferia和Sinogentiana）还是生态位进化倾向（Crawfurdia和Metagentiana），其物种丰富度和分布范围均小于双蝴蝶属（Tripterospermum）（生态位进化较强，果实呈浆果状）。浆果类水果的进化与物种形成率的增加相对应，因此可以被视为一项关键的创新。与大多数关于QTP周围植物的研究相反，我们发现物种形成可能是由生态位宽度和扩散能力介导的，而不是地球物理变化。
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Geological and climatic changes associated with the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) have been suggested as drivers for biological diversification locally and in neighboring regions. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the niche evolution of Tripterospermum (Gentianaceae) and related Asian genera through time. METHODS We conducted Species Distribution Modeling using Maximum Entropy Modeling (MaxEnt). Furthermore, we performed stochastic character mapping and produced disparity-through-time plots, and examined putative key innovations using the binary state speciation and extinction approach (BISSE). KEY RESULTS Kuepferia and Sinogentiana prefer the coolest and driest habitat, having rather conserved niches. Despite a tendency for niche evolution, Crawfurdia and Metagentiana are probably restricted to a narrow distribution range because of their poor dispersal ability. In contrast, Tripterospermum has the broadest niche and occurs under the warmest and wettest conditions. A higher degree of niche evolution and a more efficient dispersal mechanism allowed this genus to diversify more and occupy a broader distribution range. CONCLUSIONS The QTP genera producing dry capsules, whether displaying niche conservatism (Kuepferia and Sinogentiana) or a tendency for niche evolution (Crawfurdia and Metagentiana), are less species-rich and have a more restricted distribution than Tripterospermum (stronger niche evolution and berry-like fruits). The evolution of berry-like fruits corresponds to increased speciation rates, and could therefore be viewed as a key innovation. In contrast to the majority of studies on plants occurring around the QTP, we find that speciation was probably mediated by niche breadth and dispersal ability rather than geophysical changes.