Biomarkers of Exposure Among "Dual Users" of Tobacco Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes in Canada
Biomarkers of Exposure Among "Dual Users" of Tobacco Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes in Canada
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DOI：
10.1093/ntr/nty174
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发表时间：
2019-09-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Hammond, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Czoli, Christine D.;Fong, Geoffrey T.;Hammond, David
简介：“两用”是指同时使用烟草香烟（吸烟）和电子香烟（电子烟; vaping）。虽然双重使用是常见的电子烟用户之间，有关于双重用户之间的暴露的生物标志物，以及如何在不同条件下的产品use.Methods：一个非盲内科目交叉实验进行了成人日常双重用户（n = 48）在加拿大安大略。参与者完成了连续三个7天的时间段，其中烟草香烟和电子香烟的使用被实验操纵，导致四种研究条件：双重使用，烟草香烟使用，电子香烟使用和不使用产品。重复测量模型用于检查产品使用和暴露生物标志物的变化。结果：与双重使用相比，当参与者完全吸烟时，可替宁保持稳定（p = .524），但当他们完全吸电子烟时，可替宁显著下降（p = .027），尽管电子烟消费量显著增加（p = .001）。暴露于有毒物质的生物标志物水平，包括一氧化碳（CO）、1-羟基芘（1-HOP）和4-羟基芘（4-HOP）。1-甲基亚硝胺（3-吡啶基）-1-丁醇（NNAL），当参与者只吸电子烟时，（CO =-41%，p < .001; 1-HOP =-31%，p = .025; NNAL =-30%，p = .017）。与双重使用相比，在放弃两种产品的参与者中观察到类似的发现（CO：-26%，p < .001; 1-HOP = -14% [ns]; NNAL =-35%，p = .016）。相比之下，当参与者完全吸烟时，暴露的生物标志物水平增加，与双重使用相比（CO =+21%，p = 0.029; 1-HOP =+23%，p = 0.048; NNAL = +8% [ns]）。结论：虽然双重使用可能在一定程度上减少烟草烟雾成分的暴露，但戒烟是减少这种暴露的最有效方法。
Introduction: "Dual use" refers to the concurrent use of tobacco cigarettes (smoking) and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes; vaping). Although dual use is common among e-cigarette users, there is little evidence regarding biomarkers of exposure among dual users and how these change under different conditions of product use.Methods: A nonblinded within-subjects crossover experiment was conducted with adult daily dual users (n = 48) in Ontario, Canada. Participants completed three consecutive 7-day periods in which the use of tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes was experimentally manipulated, resulting in four study conditions: Dual use, Tobacco cigarette use, E-cigarette use, and No product use. Repeated measures models were used to examine changes in product use and biomarkers of exposure.Results: Compared to dual use, cotinine remained stable when participants exclusively smoked (p = .524), but significantly decreased when they exclusively vaped (p = .027), despite significant increases in e-cigarette consumption (p = .001). Levels of biomarkers of exposure to toxicants, including carbon monoxide (CO), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HOP), and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), were significantly lower when participants exclusively vaped than when they engaged in dual use (CO = -41%, p < .001; 1-HOP = -31%, p = .025; NNAL = -30%, p = .017). Similar findings were observed among participants abstaining from both products as compared to dual use (CO: -26%, p < .001; 1-HOP = -14% [ns]; NNAL = -35%, p = .016). In contrast, levels of biomarkers of exposure increased when participants exclusively smoked as compared to dual use (CO = +21%, p = .029; 1-HOP = +23%, p = .048; NNAL = +8% [ns]).Conclusions: Although dual use may reduce exposure to tobacco smoke constituents to some extent, abstaining from smoking is the most effective way to reduce such exposure.