On bolus for megavoltage photon and electron radiation therapy
On bolus for megavoltage photon and electron radiation therapy
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DOI：
10.1016/j.meddos.2013.02.007
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发表时间：
2013-09-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Charland, Paule
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vyas, Vedang;Palmer, Lisa;Charland, Paule
通常，在放射治疗中，必须治疗癌症患者的浅表病变;这些病变位于皮肤处或邻近皮肤。兆伏光子放射治疗穿透皮肤照射深部肿瘤，具有皮肤保护性。因此，为了治疗浅表病变，必须使用一层散射材料来假装皮肤表面。虽然兆伏电子束用于表面治疗，但偶尔需要提高表面附近的剂量。这就是“药团”的功能，“药团”是一种天然或合成开发的材料，用作组织层，为浅表病变提供更有效的治疗。团注的其他用途是校正变化的表面轮廓并在患者表面周围添加散射材料。用作药丸的材料从简单的水到金属不等，包括各种混合物和化合物。即使随着现代化的技术外束治疗和各种商业团的出现，在临床放射治疗团的制备和利用仍然是一门艺术。考虑到不同的经验和做法，本文简要总结了可用的团已被提出，并在临床放射治疗。虽然这篇综述并不详尽，但它提供了一些初步的指导，并回答了临床实践中可能出现的问题。(C)2013年美国医学剂量学家协会。
Frequently, in radiation therapy one must treat superficial lesions on cancer patients; these are at or adjacent to the skin. Megavoltage photon radiotherapy penetrates through the skin to irradiate deep-seated tumors, with skin-sparing property. Hence, to treat superficial lesions, one must use a layer of scattering material to feign as the skin surface. Although megavoltage electron beams are used for superficial treatments, one occasionally needs to enhance the dose near the surface. Such is the function of a "bolus," a natural or synthetically developed material that acts as a layer of tissue to provide a more effective treatment to the superficial lesions. Other uses of boluses are to correct for varying surface contours and to add scattering material around the patient's surface. Materials used as bolus vary from simple water to metal and include various mixtures and compounds. Even with the modernization of the technology for external-beam therapy and the emergence of various commercial boluses, the preparation and utilization of a bolus in clinical radiotherapy remains an art. Considering the varying experiences and practices, this paper briefly summarizes available boluses that have been proposed and are employed in clinical radiotherapy. Although this review is not exhaustive, it provides some initial guidance and answers questions that may arise in clinical practice. (C) 2013 American Association of Medical Dosimetrists.