Acute gastrointestinal effects of graded levels of copper in drinking water.
Acute gastrointestinal effects of graded levels of copper in drinking water.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.99107117
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发表时间：
1999-02
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Gidi V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pizarro F;Olivares M;Uauy R;Contreras P;Rebelo A;Gidi V
本研究的目的是确定饮用含有分级添加铜的饮用水所引起的急性胃肠道效应。60名健康的成年妇女按照拉丁方设计，随机分配饮用四种浓度的铜[Cu(II)]。每组（n = 15）分别饮用未添加铜、添加硫酸铜1、3、5 mg /l的自来水，研究为期2周，然后饮用标准自来水1周。受试者每天在一张特殊表格上记录他们的饮水量和胃肠道症状。在不考虑铜添加量的情况下，平均每人每天的用水量为1.64升。所有受试者的最终血清铜、铜蓝蛋白和肝酶均被测量，与基线浓度无差异。21名受试者（35%）在研究过程中出现胃肠功能紊乱，9名出现腹泻，部分出现腹痛和呕吐，12名出现腹痛、恶心或呕吐。饮用水中的铜含量与腹泻之间没有联系。然而，恶心、腹痛或呕吐与水中铜浓度显著相关。在摄入0、1、3和5 mg Cu/l的水时，这些症状的发生率分别为5%、2%、17%和15%（总体[chi]2 = 11.3, p<0.01； Cu[小于/等于]1 mg/l vs Cu[大于/等于]3 mg/l， [chi]2, p<0.01）。当受试者停止饮用添加了铜的饮用水时，大多数症状消失了。我们得出的结论是，在本研究条件下，饮用水中聚集铜在0-5毫克/升范围内与腹泻没有关联，但离子铜在[大于/等于]3毫克/升水平时与恶心、腹痛或呕吐有关。需要有足够数量受试者的其他研究来精确定义特定胃肠道症状的阈值，并将这些结果外推到整个人群中。
The objective of this study was to determine the acute gastrointestinal effects caused by the consumption of drinking water containing graded levels of added copper. Sixty healthy, adult women were randomly assigned to receive copper [Cu(II)] at four concentrations in their drinking water following a Latin-square design. Each group (n = 15) received tap water with no added copper, 1, 3, and 5 mg Cu/l of added copper sulfate for a 2-week study period, followed by 1 week of standard tap water. The subjects recorded their water consumption and gastrointestinal symptoms daily on a special form. The average daily consumption of water was 1.64 liters per subject, regardless of the amount of copper added. Final serum copper, ceruloplasmin, and liver enzymes were measured in all subjects and were not different from baseline concentrations. Twenty-one subjects (35%) recorded gastrointestinal disturbances sometime during the study, 9 had diarrhea, some with abdominal pain and vomiting, and 12 subjects presented abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting. There was no association between copper levels in drinking water and diarrhea. However, nausea, abdominal pain, or vomiting were significantly related to copper concentrations in water. The recorded incidence rate of these symptoms was 5, 2, 17, and 15% while ingesting water with 0, 1, 3, and 5 mg Cu/l, respectively (overall [chi]2 = 11.3, p<0.01; Cu [less than/equal to]1 mg/l versus Cu [Greater than/equal to]3 mg/l, [chi]2, p<0.01). When subjects interrupted their consumption of drinking water with added copper, most symptoms disappeared. We conclude that under the conditions of the study, there was no association between aggregate copper in drinking water within the range of 0-5 mg/l and diarrhea, but a [Greater than/equal to]3 mg Cu/l level of ionized copper was associated with nausea, abdominal pain, or vomiting. Additional studies with sufficient numbers of subjects are needed to define thresholds for specific gastrointestinal symptoms with precision and to extrapolate these results to the population at large.