Sheep and Goat Pox
Sheep and Goat Pox
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-25385-1_14
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lamien, Charles Euloge
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gelaye, Esayas;Lamien, Charles Euloge
绵羊痘（SPP）和山羊痘（GTP）是分别由绵羊痘病毒（SPPV）和山羊痘病毒（GTPV）引起的绵羊和山羊的病毒性疾病。 SPPV 和 GTPV 与牛块状皮肤病病毒 (LSDV) 均属于痘病毒科羊痘病毒属。它们具有大约 134-147 kbp 的双链 DNA 基因组。 SPPV 和 GTPV 与 LSDV 密切相关，尽管它们具有特定的核苷酸差异，表明不同的系统发育。 SPP 和 GTP 是世界动物卫生组织 (OIE) 的法定传染病。它们是高度传染性疾病：病毒通过直接接触病变或受污染的物体、饲料和羊毛传播。 SPP和GTP流行于非洲（南部非洲除外）、中亚、印度次大陆、中东、土耳其、希腊和一些东欧国家。临床上，结节性皮肤病变的存在，主要是在口腔和会阴区域周围，是该疾病的典型体征。山羊痘病毒的分类和命名主要基于受影响的宿主物种，这给分离株命名带来了挑战。为了更准确的命名，最好使用分子方法作为支持来对山羊痘病毒分离株进行识别和分类。常规和实时 PCR 方法可以帮助同时检测病毒和进行基因分型。 SPPV 和 GTPV 以及 LSDV 会发生血清学交叉反应，因此很难使用血清学方法区分它们。为了防控SPP和GTP，限制非法动物流动以及疫苗充足和疫苗覆盖率充足的疫苗接种运动是两项非常有效的措施。迫切需要开发具有更好灵敏度和特异性的高通量血清学测定（ELISA），以及开发安全有效的疫苗，以支持区分感染者和接种动物（DIVA）。
Sheep pox (SPP) and goat pox (GTP) are viral diseases of sheep and goats caused by sheep pox virus (SPPV) and goat pox virus (GTPV), respectively. SPPV and GTPV belong to the genus Capripoxvirus of the family Poxviridae, together with lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) of cattle. They have double-stranded DNA genomes of approximately 134-147 kbp. SPPV and GTPV are closely related to LSDV though they possess specific nucleotide differences suggesting distinct phylogeny. SPP and GTP are notifiable diseases to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). They are highly contagious diseases: the viruses spread through direct contact with lesions or contaminated objects, feed, and wool. SPP and GTP are endemic in Africa (except southern Africa), central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East, Turkey, Greece, and some eastern European countries. Clinically, the presence of nodular skin lesions, mostly around the mouth and perineum regions, is a typical sign of the disease. Capripoxviruses classification and their nomenclature have been mainly based on the affected host species, creating a challenge for isolates naming. For a more accurate naming, it is better to use molecular methods as support to identify and classify capripoxvirus isolates. Conventional and real-time PCR methods are available that could help with the simultaneous detection and genotyping of the viruses. SPPV and GTPV as well as LSDV cross-react serologically, making it difficult to differentiate them using serological methods. To prevent and control SPP and GTP, illegal animal movement restrictions and vaccination campaigns with adequate vaccines and sufficient vaccination coverage are two very effective measures. The development of a high-throughput serological assay (ELISA) with better sensitivity and specificity and the development of a safe and effective vaccine, which can support the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA), are highly required.