Molecular evolution of the fungi: human pathogens.
Molecular evolution of the fungi: human pathogens.
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真菌的分子进化：人类病原体。
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040766
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发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
White,TJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bowman,BH;Taylor,JW;White,TJ
对人类具有致病性的子囊菌真菌之间的形态、生态和临床多样性表明，在这些高等真菌中致病性的潜力可能已经多次出现。我们已经获得了18S核糖体DNA序列从不同的人类致病真菌，以确定其进化起源。研究的真菌包括一种局限于人类的皮肤病原体（红色毛癣菌）和三种全身性兼性寄生虫，它们在人类和其他高等动物中引起组织胞浆菌病（荚膜组织胞浆菌）、芽生菌病（皮肤芽生菌病）和球孢子菌病（粗球孢子菌病）。在我们的分析中还包括非致病性真菌的代表，以及两种机会致病菌，卡氏肺孢子虫和白色念珠菌，导致严重的疾病，免疫功能低下的个人，特别是那些与艾滋病。我们测序的两种真菌，T。rubrum和C. immitis局限于无性繁殖模式，因此缺乏对进化比较最有用的性结构，以及在高等真菌中分类所必需的。粗球孢子菌是特别有问题的，由于其矛盾和混乱的无性形态，这导致它被放置在三个真菌类和原生生物。我们的分析表明，特化的，表面的寄生虫和系统的，兼性的寄生虫，包括C。immitis是密切相关的子囊菌，这清楚地表明了分子特征的力量，以弥补缺失或混乱的生殖形态。分析还表明，条件致病菌的亲缘关系较远，可能的解释是致病性在子囊菌纲中出现了不止一次。
The morphological, ecological, and clinical diversity among ascomycete fungi that are pathogenic to humans suggest that the potential for pathogenicity may have arisen multiple times within these higher fungi. We have obtained 18S ribosomal DNA sequences from a diverse group of human pathogenic fungi in order to determine their evolutionary origins. The fungi studied include a skin pathogen that is confined to humans (Trichophyton rubrum) and three systemic, facultative parasites that cause histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum), blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis) and coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides immitis) in humans and other higher animals. Also included in our analysis are representatives of non-pathogenic fungi, as well as two opportunistic pathogens, Pneumocystis carinii and Candida albicans, that cause severe disease in immunocompromised individuals, especially those with AIDS. Two of the fungi we sequenced, T. rubrum and C. immitis, are limited to asexual modes of reproduction and therefore lack the sexual structures that are most useful for evolutionary comparison as well as being essential for classification among the higher fungi. Coccidioides immitis is particularly problematic owing to its contradictory and confusing asexual morphologies, which have caused it to be placed in three fungal classes and the protista. Our analysis shows that the specialized, superficial parasite and the systemic, facultative parasites, including C. immitis, are closely related ascomycetes, which clearly demonstrates the power of molecular characters to compensate for missing or confusing reproductive morphology. Analysis also shows that the opportunistic pathogens are more distantly related, with the likely explanation that pathogenicity has arisen more than once within the Ascomycetes.