PAET, an entry probe experiment in the earth's atmosphere.
PAET, an entry probe experiment in the earth's atmosphere.
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PAET，地球大气层进入探测实验。
DOI：
10.1016/0019-1035(73)90058-4
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发表时间：
1973
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
H. Niemann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Seiff;D. E. Reese;S. C. Sommer;D. Kirk;E. Whiting;H. Niemann
1971年6月20日，一个名为PAET的仪器探测器以6.6公里/秒的速度进入百慕大附近的大气层，携带着为在地球以外的行星上使用而设计的实验。现场测量大气结构和组成的仪器包括加速度计、压力和温度传感器、质谱仪和辐射计（用于在高速下探测激波层的特征发射）。实验基本上是成功的。与更常规的气象探测相比，大气的热结构，包括两次主要的梯度倒转，在80公里的高度上得到了很好的定义。通过结构实验确定大气平均分子量在百分之一以内。辐射计准确地确定了样品的总体组成和二氧化碳的痕量。质谱仪工作正常，但由于采样系统的问题，不能给出正确的成分。氧气在到达光谱仪之前明显地被化学反应耗尽，入口泄漏电导比飞行前的值降低了一个数量级。有理由相信，隔热板上的大分子污染是罪魁祸首。这一实验应促进取样系统的密集实验室工作，以便在测量行星大气成分时不会出现类似的问题。并给出了大气水汽测量、车辆动力学和加热测量、通信中断等辅助实验结果。
On June 20, 1971, an instrumented probe designated PAET entered the atmosphere near Bermuda at a velocity of 6.6 km/sec carrying experiments designed for use at planets other than the Earth. Instruments to measure in situ the structure and composition of the atmosphere included accelerometers, pressure and temperature sensors, a mass spectrometer, and a radiometer (to sense characteristic emission from the probe shock layer at high speeds). The experiments were largely successful. The thermal structure of the atmosphere, including two major reversals in gradient, was shown to be well defined to an altitude of 80 km by comparison with more conventional meteorological soundings. The atmospheric mean molecular weight was defined within a percent by the structure experiment. The radiometers defined the bulk composition accurately and the trace quantity of CO2to one significant figure. The mass spectrometer functioned properly, but failed to give the correct composition because of problems in its sampling system. Oxygen was depleted, apparently by chemical reactions before reaching the spectrometer, and the inlet leak conductance was reduced from its preflight value by an order of magnitude. There is reason to believe that contamination by large molecules from the heat shield was responsible. This experiment should stimulate intensive laboratory work on sampling systems, so that similar problems do not arise in measurements of atmospheric composition at the planets. Results of auxiliary experiments to measure atmospheric water vapor, vehicle dynamics and heating, and communications blackout are also given.