Experimental demonstration of an ecological trap for a wild bird in a human-transformed environment
Experimental demonstration of an ecological trap for a wild bird in a human-transformed environment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.06.007
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Gregoire, Arnaud
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Demeyrier, Virginie;Lambrechts, Marcel M.;Gregoire, Arnaud
当动物喜欢在质量差的栖息地定居时，即使有替代的高质量栖息地，也会发生生态陷阱。因此，要找到陷阱的证据，必须表明（1）栖息地偏好和（2）定居决定与繁殖或生存之间的不匹配。然而，在野外的陷阱示范目前是有限的，因为误导性的线索必须加以识别，通常很难操纵实验。人类改变栖息地的地方，如城市化地区，特别容易出现这种生态现象。在这里，我们测试了是否人为的结构（人工腔）的大小可以诱导适应不良的繁殖反应，通过生态陷阱机制，在城市二级腔筑巢鸟，大山雀，山雀。以前的研究表明，大山雀喜欢在大洞穴中繁殖;因此，洞穴大小被用作巢址选择的线索。大山雀的生殖投资也被证明是受繁殖腔大小的影响。然而，这种行为只能是适应性的，如果腔大小匹配的繁殖栖息地的质量。在自然栖息地被移走或繁殖栖息地被改变的城市化环境中，情况不一定如此。我们进行了腔选择实验，提供了一个机会，大山雀之间选择三个腔大小的选项，并监测他们随后的繁殖尝试。我们发现，城市大山雀喜欢最大的人工腔繁殖时，他们可以选择小，中型和大型腔。来自最大洞穴的个体也在产卵方面投入更多，但比来自中等大小洞穴的个体的羽化成功率低，实验显示了自由生活动物的陷阱机制。通过这项研究，我们揭示了与人类改造栖息地相关的适应不良。(C)2016动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
An ecological trap occurs when animals prefer to settle in poor-quality habitats even though alternative high-quality habitats are available. Thus, to find evidence of a trap one must show (1) a habitat preference and (2) a mismatch between the settlement decision and reproduction or survival. However, demonstrations of traps in the wild are currently limited because the misleading cues have to be identified and are usually difficult to manipulate experimentally. Places where humans transform habitats, such as urbanized areas, are particularly prone to this ecological phenomenon. Here we tested whether the size of a human-made structure (artificial cavities) can induce maladaptive breeding responses via an ecological trap mechanism in an urban secondary-cavity nesting bird, the great tit, Parus major. Previous studies showed that great tits prefer to breed in large cavities; cavity size is thus used as a cue in nest site selection. Reproductive investment in great tits has also been shown to be influenced by the breeding cavity size. However, this behaviour can only be adaptive if cavity size matches the quality of the breeding habitat. This is not necessarily the case in urbanized environments where natural habitat has been removed or breeding habitat modified. We performed a cavity choice experiment, providing an opportunity for great tits to choose between three cavity size options, and monitored their subsequent breeding attempts. We found that urban great tits preferred the largest artificial cavities for breeding when they could choose between small, medium-sized and large cavities. Individuals from the largest cavities also invested more in egg production, yet had a lower fledging success than those from medium-sized cavities, experimentally showing a trap mechanism in free-living animals. With this study, we shed light on maladaptation associated with human-transformed habitat. (C) 2016 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.