A NOVEL NEURONAL MESSENGER MOLECULE IN BRAIN - THE FREE-RADICAL, NITRIC-OXIDE
A NOVEL NEURONAL MESSENGER MOLECULE IN BRAIN - THE FREE-RADICAL, NITRIC-OXIDE
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DOI：
10.1002/ana.410320302
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发表时间：
1992-09-01
影响因子：
11.2
通讯作者：
SNYDER, SH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DAWSON, TM;DAWSON, VL;SNYDER, SH
对一种新发现的神经元信使分子--一氧化氮的组织和功能的了解进展迅速。一氧化氮合酶已从脑中得到纯化和分子克隆。其定位仅限于神经元和内皮细胞。一氧化氮合酶的催化活性解释了NADPH黄递酶对神经元的NADPH黄递酶染色，这些神经元对毒性损伤和神经退行性疾病具有独特的抵抗能力。一氧化氮具有多种功能。在血小板中，它抑制其聚集；在巨噬细胞中，它介导细胞毒性；在血管中，它充当血管扩张剂。在神经系统中，一氧化氮可能是长时程增强的逆行递质。它是脑血管扩张神经的“神经递质”和肠道运动神经元的抑制性“神经递质”。一氧化氮在过量产生的情况下可能起到神经毒素的作用，这表明一氧化氮在神经退行性疾病中发挥了作用。
Understanding of the organization and function of a newly identified neuronal messenger molecule, nitric oxide, has progressed rapidly. Nitric oxide synthase has been purified and molecularly cloned from brain. Its localization is exclusively neuronal and endothelial. The catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthase accounts for the NADPH diaphorase staining of neurons that are uniquely resistant to toxic insults and neurodegenerative disorders. Nitric oxide has diverse functions. In platelets it inhibits their aggregation, in macrophages it mediates cytotoxicity, and in blood vessels it acts as a vasodilator. In the nervous system nitric oxide may be the retrograde transmitter in long-term potentiation. It is the "neurotransmitter" of cerebral vasodilator nerves and the inhibitory "neurotransmitter" of the motor neurons of the intestines. Nitric oxide in situations of excessive production may function as a neurotoxin, suggesting a role for nitric oxide in neurodegenerative disorders.