Chemicals in the environmental and developmental toxicity to children: A public health and policy perspective
Chemicals in the environmental and developmental toxicity to children: A public health and policy perspective
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DOI：
10.2307/3454535
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发表时间：
2000-06-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Koduru, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goldman, LR;Koduru, S
环境中有许多杀虫剂和有毒化学品尚未评估是否有可能导致发育神经毒性。最近的立法和检测举措推动了产生更多关于对儿童的潜在危害的信息。在美国，1996年的《食品质量保护法》(FQPA)要求美国环境保护局(U.S.EPA)对使用杀虫剂的食品对儿童安全进行调查。此外，法律要求美国环保局在农药残留限量的风险评估中加入额外的10倍因素，以考虑到婴儿和儿童的特殊敏感性以及有关毒性和暴露的不完整数据。食品和饮用水中的化学物质造成内分泌干扰的可能性也将通过FQPA和1996年《安全饮用水法》要求的内分泌干扰物筛选和测试计划进行检查。此外，一项新的自愿化学品信息计划将为美国商业中约2800种大容量化学品提供筛查级别的信息。这些举措需要辅之以对儿童的发育毒性，包括对发育障碍的研究。在美国，发育障碍对儿童健康造成了很大的影响。三种主要的发育障碍--自闭症、脑瘫和严重智力低下--每一种都影响着相当数量的儿童。我们对这些疾病的病因知之甚少。建议了一些优先研究领域，包括一项关于发育神经毒性的大型环境前瞻性研究。
There are numerous pesticides and toxic chemicals in the environment that have yet to be evaluated for potential to cause developmental neurotoxicity. Recent legislation and testing initiatives provide an impetus to generating more information about potential hazards to children. In the United States, the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) required the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) to make a finding that a pesticide food use is safe for children. In addition, the law requires U.S. EPA to incorporate an additional 10-fold factor in risk assessments for pesticide residue tolerances to take into account the special sensitivities of infants and children as well as incomplete data with respect to toxicity and exposures. The potential of chemicals in food and drinking water to cause endocrine disruption will also be examined via the Endocrine Disrupter Screening and Testing Program required by the FQPA and the 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act. in addition, a new Voluntary chemical information program will provide screening-level information for the some 2,800 high-volume chemicals in commerce in the United States. These initiatives will need to be accompanied by research focused on developmental toxicity for children, including developmental disabilities. Developmental disabilities exact a large toll on children's health in the United States. Three major developmental disabilities-autism cerebral palsy, and severe mental retardation-each affect substantial numbers of children. We know very little about the etiology of these conditions. A number of priority areas for research are suggested, including a large environmental prospective study of developmental neurotoxicity.