Behavioral and Material Determinants of Production Relations in Land-Abundant Tropical Agriculture
Behavioral and Material Determinants of Production Relations in Land-Abundant Tropical Agriculture
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DOI：
10.1086/451637
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发表时间：
1987-10
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
H. P. Binswanger;J. McIntire
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. P. Binswanger;J. McIntire
本文件的目的是：(1)以内部一致的方式解释热带土地丰富、技术简单、运输成本高的三个农业气候亚区的主要机构和生产关系的习惯特征；(2)预测这些机构和特征将如何随着人口密度的增加和通过外部移徙和区域间或国际贸易开放以物质为导向的系统而发生变化。生产关系是人们与产品和生产要素在所有权和使用权方面的关系，以及作为买方和卖方、作为要素所有者和承租人、作为房东、租户、工人、雇主、债权人和债务人的人之间的对应关系。我们想要以内部一致的方式解释的土地丰富地区的独特制度和习惯特征包括：没有正常的产出和劳动力市场；不存在没有土地的劳动力阶层；信贷市场的极小性质，以及缺乏专业放债人；在半干旱地区，牲畜财富作为保险替代品的重要性；存在牲畜承租权，但没有土地承租权；大家庭的存在和履行的保险职能；以及大家庭耕种在一些地区共有但在另一些地区不存在的地块。我们还希望能够预测这些机构和特征在人口密度增长和/或经济暴露于外部市场时出现的变化。
The objectives of this paper are (1) to explain, in an internally consistent manner, the major institutions and customary features of production relations in three agroclimatic subzones of the land-abundant tropics that have simple technology and high transport costs and (2) to provide predictions of how these institutions and features will change in response to increases in population densities and the opening of substance-oriented systems via external migration and interregional or international trade. Production relations are the relations of people to products and factors of production in terms of their rights of ownership and use and the corresponding relationships of people among each other as buyers and sellers, as factor owners and renters, as landlords, tenants, workers, employers, creditors, and debtors. The peculiar institutional and customary features of land-abundant areas that we want to explain in an internally consistent manner include the absence of regular output and labor markets; the nonexistence of a landless labor class; the minimal nature of credit markets and the absence of professional money lenders; the importance of livestock wealth as an insurance substitute in semiarid zones; the existence of livestock tenancy but the absence of tenancy in land; the existence and the insurance function performed by extended families; and the cultivation by extended families of plots in common in some regions but not in others. We also want to be able to predict the changes in these institutions and features that arise when population density grows and/ or when the economy is exposed to external markets.