Urban sprawl development and flooding at Yeumbeul suburb (Dakar-Senegal)
Urban sprawl development and flooding at Yeumbeul suburb (Dakar-Senegal)
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Yeumbeul 郊区的城市扩张和洪水（塞内加尔达喀尔）
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Niang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Mbow;A. Diop;A. Diaw;C. Niang
非洲城市中心的快速发展正在成为未来几十年的一项严峻挑战，并将产生广泛的社会、经济和环境影响。随着人口的自然增长，城市人口因严重干旱和农村贫困加剧而导致农村人口外流而增加。塞内加尔首都达喀尔的城市化进程失控，缺乏有效的城市政策，可用于适当城市管理的资源很少。在注意到的许多影响中，洪水最近似乎是对离开达喀尔郊区的穷人的一个主要威胁。本研究在Yeumbeul区（北纬17°24'，西经14°46'）的郊区进行，试图从1954年以来的降雨变化，数字地形模型和土地覆盖变化分析来跟踪自1989年以来经常发生的洪水的自然和人为原因之间的相互作用。这种综合方法表明，洪水过程不仅仅是一个与气候变化有关的问题，它与城市管理不善和占用不规则、不适合自然过程的土地密切相关。对大多数贫穷的农村居民来说，只有通过非正规的土地市场才能满足住房需求，迫使他们在廉价但危险的土地上定居。最近的极端降雨事件表明，这些城市扩张大多位于洪水易发地区。对这些被洪水淹没的定居点的环境影响进行了审查。2005年的严重洪灾给国家和其他几个利益攸关方带来了巨大的动力，促使它们启动了本文所讨论的各种战略。
Rapid development of urban centers in Africa is becoming a serious challenge for the coming decades with a wide range of foreseen social, economical and environmental implications. With the natural growth of the population, urban demography has been boosted by rural exodus triggered by serious droughts and increasing rural poverty. With the small resources available for an adequate urban management and the lack of efficient urban policy, Dakar capital of Senegal is characterized by an out of control urbanization process. Among the many impacts noted, flooding has appeared recently as a major threat for poor population leaving in the suburbs of Dakar. This study carried out at the outskirts of the town, in Yeumbeul District (17°24’ North, 14°46’ West), tries from rainfall variability, Digital Terrain Model and land cover change analysis since 1954 to track the interactions between natural and human causes of flooding occurring regularly since 1989. This integrated approach shows that the flooding process is not a mere climate variability related issue, it is tightly bound with poor urban management and occupation of irregular, unsuited land devoted to natural process. Satisfaction of housing needs was, for most poor rural dwellers, only possible through informal land markets, forcing them to settle in cheap yet risky lands. The recent extreme rainfall events reveal that most of these urban sprawls are located in flood prone areas. Environmental impacts of these flooded settlements have been examined. Serious flooding of 2005 has been a great momentum for the State and several other stakeholders to initiate various strategies that are discussed in this paper.