Qualitative tests of remote eyetracker recovery and performance during head rotation
Qualitative tests of remote eyetracker recovery and performance during head rotation
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DOI：
10.3758/s13428-014-0507-6
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Hooge, Ignace T. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hessels, Roy S.;Cornelissen, Tim H. W.;Hooge, Ignace T. C.
选择眼动仪的决策标准是什么？通常选择是基于制造商对使用特定眼动仪可以实现的测量的有效性（准确性）和可靠性（精度）的规格。这些规格大多是在最佳条件下实现的，例如，通过使用人工眼睛或固定在下巴上的训练参与者。然而，研究并不总是在最佳条件下进行：例如，当研究婴儿，学童和患有注意力缺陷多动障碍等疾病的患者群体的眼球运动时，实际上不可能限制运动。我们模拟了在婴儿研究中经常看到的两种行为的运动：(1)远离和返回屏幕，以研究眼动仪的恢复情况；(2)头部方向，以研究眼动仪在非最佳眼睛方向下的性能。我们调查了三家制造商（SMI， Tobii和LC Technologies）的八种眼动追踪装置是如何处理成人这些模拟行为的。我们报告了当眼动仪看不到眼睛时，SMI眼动仪的采样频率下降，而其他系统则没有，并讨论了其潜在后果。此外，我们报告了测试的眼动仪在头部方向移动期间的数据丢失率和系统偏移率各不相同。我们的结论是，不能限制参与者运动或非最佳头部方向的（前瞻性）眼动研究人员可能会从非最佳条件下测试眼动仪中受益。此外，研究人员应该意识到非最佳头部方向可能导致的数据丢失和不准确。
What are the decision criteria for choosing an eyetracker? Often the choice is based on specifications by the manufacturer of the validity (accuracy) and reliability (precision) of measurements that can be achieved using a particular eyetracker. These specifications are mostly achieved under optimal conditions-for example, by using an artificial eye or trained participants fixed in a chinrest. Research, however, does not always take place in optimal conditions: For instance, when investigating eye movements in infants, school children, and patient groups with disorders such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, it is practically impossible to restrict movement. We modeled movements often seen in infant research in two behaviors: (1) looking away from and back to the screen, to investigate eyetracker recovery, and (2) head orientations, to investigate eyetracker performance with nonoptimal orientations of the eyes. We investigated how eight eyetracking setups by three manufacturers (SMI, Tobii, and LC Technologies) coped with these modeled behaviors in adults. We report that the tested SMI eyetrackers dropped in sampling frequency when the eyes were not visible to the eyetracker, whereas the other systems did not, and discuss the potential consequences thereof. Furthermore, we report that the tested eyetrackers varied in their rates of data loss and systematic offsets during shifted head orientations. We conclude that (prospective) eye-movement researchers who cannot restrict movement or nonoptimal head orientations in their participants might benefit from testing their eyetracker in nonoptimal conditions. Additionally, researchers should be aware of the data loss and inaccuracies that might result from nonoptimal head orientations.