Evolution without natural selection: further implications of the daisyworld parable.
Evolution without natural selection: further implications of the daisyworld parable.
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没有自然选择的进化：雏菊世界寓言的进一步含义。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Peter T. Saunders
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Peter T. Saunders
Daisyworld是一个模型动力系统，其中非常简单的机制相互作用产生复杂的行为。它的设计是为了展示在没有自然选择的情况下，调节是如何产生的。在这里，我们将更详细地研究该模型。我们分析了可能的稳定状态，并研究了系统在不同条件下的响应，我们认为这是在这个和许多其他非线性系统中发现的滞后的影响，我们比较的模型与那些系统的性质，进化完全由自然选择。自然选择本质上专注于局部优化和即时优势，而不是稳健性和长期利益。这使得有机体的某些特征很难用合成理论来解释。该模型表明，解决方案可能只是自然选择不是它们进化的关键因素。当一个系统以前对挑战作出反直觉的反应或显然根本没有反应，后来开始以人们预期的方式作出反应时，这应该被视为一个警告，即它是一个受管制的系统，管制可能即将崩溃。如果发生这种情况，很可能会发生灾难性的变化，因为系统要么完全崩溃，要么迅速进入没有监管的状态。复苏，如果有可能的话，可能会出乎意料地困难。
Daisyworld is a model dynamical system in which very simple mechanisms interact to produce complex behaviour. It was devised to show how regulation can arise without natural selection. Here we investigate the model in greater detail. We analyse the possible steady states and study the response of the system under different conditions, we consider the implications of the hysteresis which is found in this and many other non-linear systems, and we compare the properties of the model with those of systems that evolved solely by natural selection. Natural selection inherently concentrates on local optimization and immediate advantage rather than on robustness and long-term benefit. This makes some features of organisms hard to explain within the synthetic theory. The model suggests that the solution may simply be that natural selection was not the crucial factor in their evolution. When a system that has previously responded to challenge counter-intuitively or apparently not at all subsequently begins to react in the way one would expect, this should be taken as a warning that it is a regulated system and that the regulation may be about to break down. If that happens, there is likely to be a catastrophic change as the system either collapses altogether or else moves rapidly to the state it would have been in without regulation. Recovery, if possible at all, is likely to be unexpectedly difficult.