Ecological statistics
Ecological statistics
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DOI：
10.1002/9780470057339.vae006
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Eric P. Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Eric P. Smith
“生态学”一词是恩斯特·海克尔（Ernst Haeckel）发明的，他将希腊语“oikos”（意为“房子”）和“logos”（意为“词或研究”）结合在一起。最初的单词oecologie-sche演变成英语单词ecology。生态学最初被定义为动物与其有机和无机环境的总体关系。其他定义包括对生物分布和丰度的科学研究，或对自然界结构和功能的研究。从19世纪70年代到1915年，由于对生物种群和分布的兴趣，生态学很受欢迎，最终于1913年成立了英国生态学会，1915年成立了美国生态学会。促进生态思维的关键因素是对林业、保护和维护生态平衡的兴趣。直到20世纪50年代，生态学的重要前沿是对生物在其环境中的定量认识和对生物与其环境之间相互关系的定性研究。重点更多地放在生态学的学术方面，在不同的大学里出现了几个小组，尤其是芝加哥大学和康奈尔大学。在20世纪60年代，生态学进入了一个新的阶段，作为解释地球退化的一部分。
The word ecology is attributed to Ernst Haeckel, who combined the Greek words oikos, meaning ‘house’, and logos, meaning ‘word or study’. The original word oecologie-sche evolved into the English word ecology. Ecology was originally defined as the total relations of the animal to both its organic and inorganic environment. Other definitions include the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of organisms or the study of the structure and function of nature [38]. The science of ecology was popular from the 1870s through to 1915 due to interest in populations and distributions of organisms, culminating in the formation of the British Ecological Society in 1913 and the Ecological Society of America in 1915. Key factors in promoting ecological thinking were interests in forestry, conservation and maintaining ecological balance. Through to the 1950s, the important fronts in ecology were the quantitative understanding of organisms in their environment and the qualitative study of the inter-relationships between organisms and their environment. Emphasis was on more academic aspects of ecology and several groups arose at various universities, notably the University of Chicago and Cornell University. In the 1960s, ecology entered a new phase as part of an explanation of the degradation of the planet.