The relative cost of biomass energy transport
The relative cost of biomass energy transport
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DOI：
10.1007/s12010-007-9085-8
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Kumar, Amit
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Searcy, Erin;Flynn, Peter;Kumar, Amit
物流成本，即移动原料或产品的成本，是从生物质中回收能源的总成本的关键组成部分。在这项研究中，我们计算了小型和大型项目的规模，通过卡车，铁路，船舶和管道运输三种生物质原料的相对成本，通过卡车和管道运输乙醇，以及通过输电线路运输电力。距离固定成本（装载和卸载）和距离可变成本（运输，包括传输过程中的功率损耗），计算每种生物质类型和运输方式。成本标准化为生物质的十亿焦耳的共同基础。移动产品与原料的相对成本是在生物质来源处而不是在所产生的能源的最终消费点处进行生物质加工的激励的近似度量。一般来说，运输生物质的成本高于运输其能源产品的成本。运输生物质与电力的成本差距差距明显高于建造和运营远离输电网的发电厂的增量成本。通过管道输送电力和乙醇的成本在很大程度上取决于项目规模。通过卡车运输乙醇的成本低于通过管道尖端运输至1800 t/d的能力。转运到船舶的费用很高，使航运无法成为距离小于800公里（木屑）和1500公里（打包的农业残留物）的经济运输方式。
Logistics cost, the cost of moving feedstock or products, is a key component of the overall cost of recovering energy from biomass. In this study, we calculate for small- and large-project sizes, the relative cost of transportation by truck, rail, ship, and pipeline for three biomass feedstocks, by truck and pipeline for ethanol, and by transmission line for electrical power. Distance fixed costs (loading and unloading) and distance variable costs (transport, including power losses during trans-mission), are calculated for each biomass type and mode of transportation. Costs are normalized to a common basis of a giga joules of biomass. The relative cost of moving products vs feedstock is an approximate measure of the incentive for location of biomass processing at the source of biomass, rather than at the point of ultimate consumption of produced energy. In general, the cost of transporting biomass is more than the cost of transporting its energy products. The gap in cost for transporting biomass vs power is significantly higher than the incremental cost of building and operating a power plant remote from a transmission grid. The cost of power transmission and ethanol transport by pipeline is highly dependent on scale of project. Transport of ethanol by truck has a lower cost than by pipeline tip to capacities of 1800 t/d. The high cost of transshipment to a ship precludes shipping from being an economical mode of transport for distances less than 800 km (woodchips) and 1500 km (baled agricultural residues).