Feasibility Study of a Soluble Boron–Free Small Modular Integral Pressurized Water Reactor
Feasibility Study of a Soluble Boron–Free Small Modular Integral Pressurized Water Reactor
复制标题
可溶性无硼小型模块化整体压水堆可行性研究
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Soldatov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Justin R. Mart;A. Klein;A. Soldatov
摘要小型模块整体压水堆在运行中消除了可溶硼，产生了几个优点。这些优点大多是通过消除可溶硼的腐蚀作用而实现的。与可溶性硼相关的管道、泵和储罐可以完全取消，带来显著的经济和安全效益。此外，与硼稀释有关的整个类别的事故都将在设计上被消除，任何冷却剂损失事件都不会受到可溶性硼的存在的影响。然而，去除可溶性硼也会带来一系列必须克服的具体挑战。在传统的压水式反应堆中，可溶硼与可燃毒物一起使用，以抑制过量的初始反应性。由于硼在冷却剂中被稀释，它的存在在整个堆芯中都能被均匀地感受到，因此它均匀地减少了过量的初始反应性。在任何无硼设计中，必须通过使用另外两种反应性控制机制：可燃毒物和控制棒，找到可接受的替代硼的方法。然而，这两种方法都带来了挑战。控制棒是主动控制的，但它们是离散的吸波材料，局部影响着它们所插入的核心。由于它们是从堆芯顶部插入的，它们的存在对轴向中子通量分布产生了负面影响。这种轴向磁通不平衡会产生不良的峰值因素，导致运营利润率下降。因此，在任何无硼设计中的主要挑战是在保持适当的轴向通量分布和降低峰化系数的同时抑制过量反应性和主动反应性控制。本文论证了一种具有多个控制棒组的先进控制棒算法可用于此目的，以满足成功标准。
Abstract The elimination of soluble boron in the operation of small modular integral pressurized water reactors creates several advantages. Most of these advantages are realized by the core simplification brought on by removing the corrosive effects of soluble boron. Piping, pumps, and tanks associated with soluble boron can be completely eliminated, bringing a significant economic and safety benefit. Additionally, a whole class of accidents related to boron dilution would be eliminated by design, and any loss-of-coolant event would not be affected by the presence of soluble boron. However, removing soluble boron creates its own set of specific challenges that must be overcome. In traditional pressurized water reactors, soluble boron is used in conjunction with burnable poisons to suppress excess initial reactivity. Since boron is diluted in the coolant, its presence is felt uniformly throughout the core, and thus it uniformly reduces the excess initial reactivity. In any boron-free design, an acceptable alternative to boron must be found through the use of the other two mechanisms for reactivity control: burnable poisons and control rods. However, both methods pose challenges. Control rods are actively controlled but are discrete absorbers, locally impacting the core where they are inserted. Since they are inserted from the top of the core, their presence negatively impacts the axial neutron flux profile. This axial flux imbalance creates undesirable peaking factors, leading to reduced operating margins. Thus, the main challenge in any boron-free design concerns excess reactivity suppression and active reactivity control while maintaining a proper axial flux profile and reduced peaking factors. This paper demonstrates that an advanced control rod algorithm with multiple control rod banks can be used for this purpose to satisfy the criteria for success.