Abundance, size distribution and bacterial colonization of exopolymer particles in Antarctic sea ice (Bellingshausen Sea)
Abundance, size distribution and bacterial colonization of exopolymer particles in Antarctic sea ice (Bellingshausen Sea)
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南极海冰（别林斯高晋海）外聚合物颗粒的丰度、尺寸分布和细菌定植
DOI：
10.3354/ame035283
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
A. Lindfors
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Meiners;R. Brinkmeyer;M. Granskog;A. Lindfors
2001年4月，对别林斯高森海南极海冰和下垫水中的外聚合物颗粒的丰度、大小光谱和细菌定植进行了研究。除外聚合物颗粒（EP）外，还测量了不同的非生物（温度、盐度、冰的质地、氧同位素组成、无机营养物浓度）和生物（颗粒有机碳/氮、藻类色素、细菌和硅藻的丰度和生物量）参数。海冰显示不同的群落出现在物理上不同的冰层上。冰中藻类和细菌生物量垂直梯度较大，分别在59.4 ~ 5140.4 μ C l -1和8.8 ~ 119.4 μ C l -1之间。海冰EP浓度较高，EP丰度在10.2 ~ 260.1 × 106颗粒1 -1之间，EP面积在3.4 ~ 92.1 cm 2 -1之间。冰中的EP浓度中值比冰下值高出一个数量级。综合海冰EP碳的粗略估计相当于综合POC的14- 32%，相当于综合硅藻生物量的34- 78%。海冰中估计的综合EP碳超过细菌生物量的10到20倍。EP丰度与颗粒大小呈负相关。EP尺寸谱呈现相对平坦的斜率，表明较大颗粒的贡献较大。单个EP在冰中和冰下水体中的细菌定植量无显著差异。相比之下，由于两种生境中EP浓度差异较大，冰面中附着细菌的中位数比例（占总细菌数的14.8%）远高于冰下水域（占总细菌数的1.9%）。这些数据表明，EP是南极海冰群落的一个组成部分，并且EP是冰相关细菌的重要底物。在春季冰融化后，大量EP可被释放到水中，在那里它们可能显著地促进和改变被冰覆盖的南大洋的颗粒通量。
The abundance, size spectra and bacterial colonization of exopolymer particles were investigated in Antarctic sea ice and underlying water in the Bellingshausen Sea during April 2001. In addition to exopolymer particles (EP), different abiotic (temperature, salinity, ice texture, oxygen isotopic composition, inorganic nutrient concentrations) and biotic (particulate organic carbon/nitrogen, algal pigments, abundance and biomass of bacteria and diatoms) parameters were measured from the samples. The sea ice showed different communities occurring in physically distinct layers of the ice. Algal and bacterial biomass in the ice showed strong vertical gradients and ranged between 59.4 and 5140.4 μg C l -1 and 8.8 and 119.4 μg C l -l , respectively. EP concentrations in the sea ice were high, with EP abundance ranging between 10.2 and 260.1 × 10 6 particles l -1 and EP area between 3.4 and 92.1 cm 2 l -1 . Median EP concentrations in the ice exceeded under-ice values by 1 order of magnitude. Crude estimates of integrated sea ice EP carbon were equivalent to 14-32 % of the integrated POC, and to 34-78 % of the integrated diatom biomass. The estimated integrated EP carbon in sea ice exceeded the bacterial biomass by a factor of 10 to 20. The abundance of EP was inversely correlated with size of the particles. EP size spectra showed relatively flat slopes, indicating a relatively large contribution of larger particles. The bacterial colonization of individual EP in the ice and in the under-ice water was not significantly different. In contrast, due to the large difference of EP concentrations in the 2 habitats, the median proportion of attached bacteria was much higher in the ice (14.8 % of the total bacterial number) than in the under-ice water (1.9% of the total bacterial number). The data suggest that EP are an integral component of Antarctic sea ice communities and that EP serve as important substrates for ice-associated bacteria. After the ice melts in spring, large amounts of EP are available to be released to the water, where they may significantly contribute to and alter the particle flux of the ice-covered Southern Ocean.