Performance of molecular crystals in conversion of light to mechanical work.
Performance of molecular crystals in conversion of light to mechanical work.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2020604118
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发表时间：
2021-02-02
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Naumov P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mahmoud Halabi J;Ahmed E;Sofela S;Naumov P
近年来，关于机械响应分子晶体的报道不断增加，积累了广泛的有机晶体材料库，具有多种类似自然的能量转换机制。虽然潜在分子转变背后的化学原理很复杂，但由于需要适合精细有机微观结构的定制测试装置，这些单晶的工作能力仍未得到充分探索。使用简单的设置，我们制定了一组性能指标，通过这些指标我们将偶氮苯晶体中的光驱动驱动特征描述为动态分子晶体的示例性化学类别。这项工作可以指导响应分子晶体驱动电位的量化，并作为激发跨学科兴趣的邀请，以进一步将此类材料开发成受控的全有机驱动元件。动态分子晶体作为一类新兴的能量转换材料最近受到了广泛的关注，但尚未发展成为完全实现的执行器。通过三种结晶偶氮苯材料的反式-顺式表面异构化，我们着手广泛表征分子晶体中光致弯曲的光-功能量转换。我们通过定量的性能评价和具体的性能指标将偶氮苯单晶与常用的驱动器区分开来。弯曲分子晶体的工作范围可与微机电系统等微执行器相媲美，并且其工作产生能力和动态性能使其有资格在机械定位和微抓取任务中替代微电机驱动器。有限元建模用于确定表面光异构化参数，可以预测和优化这些材料的机械响应。事实证明，利用机械表征和数值模拟工具对于加速将动态分子晶体引入软微型机器人应用至关重要。
Over recent years, the increased reporting on mechanically responsive molecular crystals has accumulated an extensive library of organic crystalline materials with diverse nature-like energy-transduction mechanisms. While the chemistry behind the underlying molecular transformations is elaborate, these single crystals' work-producing capacity remains underexplored due to the need for customized testing setups suitable for delicate organic microstructures. Using a simple setup, we lay out a set of performance metrics by which we characterize the light-driven actuation in azobenzene crystals as an exemplary chemical class of dynamic molecular crystals. This work may guide the quantification of responsive molecular crystals' actuation potential and act as an invitation to ramp up interdisciplinary interest to further develop this class of materials into controlled all-organic actuating elements. Dynamic molecular crystals have recently received ample attention as an emerging class of energy-transducing materials, yet have fallen short of developing into fully realized actuators. Through the trans–cis surface isomerization of three crystalline azobenzene materials, here, we set out to extensively characterize the light-to-work energy conversion of photoinduced bending in molecular crystals. We distinguish the azobenzene single crystals from commonly used actuators through quantitative performance evaluation and specific performance indices. Bending molecular crystals have an operating range comparable to that of microactuators such as microelectromechanical systems and a work-generating capacity and dynamic performance that qualifies them to substitute micromotor drivers in mechanical positioning and microgripping tasks. Finite element modeling, applied to determine the surface photoisomerization parameters, allowed for predicting and optimizing the mechanical response of these materials. Utilizing mechanical characterization and numerical simulation tools proves essential in accelerating the introduction of dynamic molecular crystals into soft microrobotics applications.
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