From Africa via Europe to South America: migrational route of a species-rich genus of Neotropical lowland rain forest trees (Guatteria, Annonaceae)
From Africa via Europe to South America: migrational route of a species-rich genus of Neotropical lowland rain forest trees (Guatteria, Annonaceae)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02162.x
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Couvreur, Thomas L. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erkens, Roy H. J.;Maas, Jan W.;Couvreur, Thomas L. P.
最近的几项研究表明，今天的植物多样性在新热带区的很大一部分是由于分散到该地区的分类群，而不是由vicariance。一般来说，有三条路线记录了物种向南美洲大陆的传播：（1）通过北大西洋陆桥，（2）通过白令陆桥，或（3）从非洲直接进入大陆。在这里，物种丰富的属的新热带区低地雨林树木（Guatteria，番荔枝科）被用作一个模型来调查这三个hypothes.LocationThe Neotropics.MethodsThe的系统发育关系内的番荔枝科的长枝分支重建（使用最大简约，最大似然和贝叶斯推理），以获得洞察Guatteria的系统发育位置。此外，贝叶斯分子测年和贝叶斯分散-vicariance（贝叶斯-DIVA）analysiswerened.ResultsMost的番荔枝科的长枝分支内的关系重建，并有很高的支持。然而，Duguetia分支之间的关系，Xylopia-Artaboadia分支和Guatteria仍然不清楚。Guatteria的茎节年龄估计介于49.2和51.3 Ma之间，而冠节年龄估计介于11.4和17.8 Ma之间。对于瓜特里亚及其姐妹种群的祖先地区，在10，000次DIVA分析中，99%重建了北美-非洲地区，主要结论Guatteria的茎冠节年龄估计结合贝叶斯-DIVA分析表明，这种情况与非洲起源一致，随后在始新世早期至中期跨越北大西洋陆桥扩散，并进一步扩散到北部和中部美洲（最终是南美洲）在中新世。该属在形态学上与世隔绝的位置可能是由于北美和欧洲的茎系在第三纪灭绝。
AimSeveral recent studies have suggested that a substantial portion of today's plant diversity in the Neotropics has resulted from the dispersal of taxa into that region rather than by vicariance. In general, three routes have been documented for the dispersal of taxa onto the South American continent: (1) via the North Atlantic Land Bridge, (2) via the Bering Land Bridge, or (3) from Africa directly onto the continent. Here a species-rich genus of Neotropical lowland rain forest trees (Guatteria, Annonaceae) is used as a model to investigate these three hypotheses.LocationThe Neotropics.MethodsThe phylogenetic relationships within the long-branch clade of Annonaceae were reconstructed (using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) in order to gain insight in the phylogenetic position of Guatteria. Furthermore, Bayesian molecular dating and Bayesian dispersal-vicariance (Bayes-DIVA) analyses were undertaken.ResultsMost of the relationships within the long-branch clade of Annonaceae were reconstructed and had high support. However, the relationship between the Duguetia clade, the Xylopia-Artabotrys clade and Guatteria remained unclear. The stem node age estimate of Guatteria ranged between 49.2 and 51.3 Ma, whereas the crown node age estimate ranged between 11.4 and 17.8 Ma. For the ancestral area of Guatteria and its sister group, the area North America-Africa was reconstructed in 99% of 10,000 DIVA analyses, while South America-North America was found just 1% of the time.Main conclusionsThe estimated stem to crown node ages of Guatteria in combination with the Bayes-DIVA analyses imply a scenario congruent with an African origin followed by dispersal across the North Atlantic Land Bridge in the early to middle Eocene and further dispersal into North and Central America (and ultimately South America) in the Miocene. The phylogenetically and morphologically isolated position of the genus is probably due to extinction of the North American and European stem lineages in the Tertiary.