The benefits of argumentation are cross-culturally robust: The case of Japan
The benefits of argumentation are cross-culturally robust: The case of Japan
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论证的好处具有跨文化的优势：日本的案例
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hiroshi Yama
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hugo Mercier;M. Deguchi;J.;Hiroshi Yama
摘要 由于争论的交流，团体在某些任务上的表现优于个人，例如解决逻辑问题。然而，这些结果源于在西方人中进行的实验，可能是由于文化的特殊性，例如容忍矛盾和认可公共辩论。据说其他文化，尤其是集体主义文化，不赞成争论。此外，一些有影响力的思想运动，例如儒家思想，不赞成争论。在两个实验中，测试了东方人可能无法分享争论的好处的假设。在实验 1 中，日本参与者必须先单独解决标准逻辑问题，然后分组解决。他们在小组中的表现明显更好。在实验2中，日本参与者必须估计各种动物的重量。他们单独这样做，然后在了解另一位参与者的估计后，然后与另一位参与者讨论这些估计后，然后再次单独进行。虽然日本参与者也从讨论中受益，但只有当参与者提供最终的个人估计时，这些好处才可见。这种延迟被解释为反映了维护社会和谐的压力，这种压力会迫使日本参与者屈服于他们的伴侣，即使知道这不会提高他们答案的准确性。
Abstract Thanks to the exchange of arguments, groups outperform individuals on some tasks, such as solving logical problems. However, these results stem from experiments conducted among Westerners and they could be due to cultural particularities such as tolerance of contradiction and approval of public debate. Other cultures, collectivistic cultures in particular, are said to frown on argumentation. Moreover, some influential intellectual movements, such as Confucianism, disapprove of argumentation. In two experiments, the hypothesis that Easterners might not share the benefits of argumentation was tested. In Experiment 1, Japanese participants had to solve a standard logical problem individually and then in groups. They performed significantly better in groups. In Experiment 2, Japanese participants had to estimate the weight of various animals. They did so individually, then after learning of another participant's estimates, then after discussing these estimates with the other participant, and then individually again. While the Japanese participants also benefitted from the discussion, these benefits were only visible when participants provided a final individual estimate. This delay is interpreted as reflecting the pressure to preserve social harmony that would have constrained Japanese participants to yield to their partner even when knowing that this did not improve the accuracy of their answer.