Epizootiology of sixty-four amphibian morbidity and mortality events in the USA, 1996-2001
Epizootiology of sixty-four amphibian morbidity and mortality events in the USA, 1996-2001
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04400.x
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schrader, AK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Green, DE;Converse, KA;Schrader, AK
共回顾了44起两栖动物死亡事件和20起发病事件。两栖动物死亡事件的最常见原因是由虹彩病毒科(科：虹彩病毒科)感染。狂犬病暴发突然，影响晚期幼虫和新近变态幼虫。RANAV感染造成的死亡事件只影响到广泛和丰富的两栖动物物种，而且与高人口密度有明显的联系。只有在变性后无尾两栖动物中，裂殖吸虫真菌感染才导致7起死亡事件。壶菌家禽很隐蔽，在野外很容易被忽视。虽然RANAV和壶菌感染都与感染地点90%的死亡率有关，但只有壶菌感染与多个两栖动物种群数量下降有关。在新建立的分支中，三种原始真菌生物体--中生真菌--在无尾两栖动物和火蜥蜴身上引起了疾病和死亡。
A total of 44 amphibian mortality events and 20 morbidity events were reviewed retrospectively. The most common cause of amphibian mortality events was infection by ranaviruses (Family: Iridoviridae). Ranavirus epizootics have abrupt onset and affect late-stage larvae and recent metamorphs. Mortality events due to ranavirus infections affected only widespread and abundant amphibian species, and there was a clear association with high population densities. Chytrid fungal infections accounted for seven mortality events in postmetamorphic anurans only. Chytrid epizootics are insidious and easily overlooked in the field. While both ranavirus and chytrid fungal epizootics were associated with >90% mortality rates at affected sites, only the chytrid fungal infections were linked to multiple amphibian population declines. Three primitive fungal organisms in the newly erected clade, Mesomycetozoa, caused morbidities and mortalities in anurans and salamanders.