WATER-USE EFFICIENCY AND CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION IN WHEAT
WATER-USE EFFICIENCY AND CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION IN WHEAT
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DOI：
10.2135/cropsci1991.0011183x003100050040x
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发表时间：
1991-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
WAINES, JG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
EHDAIE, B;HALL, AE;WAINES, JG
干旱胁迫是半干旱地区作物生产的最大限制因子之一。 提高水利用效率（WUE）可以为育种计划提供一种改善对干旱环境适应的手段。 碳同位素分辨率（DELTA）已被提出作为一个标准来选择提高WUE。 本研究比较了长种小麦和现代小麦旗叶的总干物质（TDM）、水分利用效率（TDM/蒸腾）和DELTA的差异。基因型生长在盆中，在良好浇水（湿）和干旱胁迫（干）实验2年。 小麦基因型也在潮湿和干燥的田间条件下生长。 在盆栽试验中，湿处理的平均水分利用效率为2.85 ~ 4.41 g干物质kg-1水，干处理的平均水分利用效率为3.08 ~ 4.53。 对于湿盆实验，DELTA的平均值为21.7 × 10（-3），对于干盆实验，DELTA的平均值为21.6 × 10（-3）。 高秆地方品种具有较高的TDM和WUE，但成熟期晚于现代矮秆和半矮秆品种。 不同基因型的DELTA值与WUE呈负相关。 盆栽试验中，WUE和DELTA的广义遗传力分别为93%和90%。 在旱田试验中，DELTA与两年的地上干物质和籽粒产量呈正相关。 在湿田试验中，仅在1988年DELTA与籽粒产量呈正相关。 DELTA的广义遗传力分别为72%的湿田条件和74%的干田条件。 这些观察结果表明，选择碳同位素歧视，无论是在潮湿或干燥的条件下，可以提高小麦的水分利用效率。
Drought stress is one of the most limiting factors to crop production in semiarid regions. Improved water-use efficiency (WUE) could provide breeding programs with a means to improve adaptation to drought-prone environments. Carbon isotope discrimination (DELTA) has been proposed as a criterion to select for improved WUE. This study evaluates differences in total dry matter (TDM), WUE (TDM/transpiration), and DELTA of flag leaves of landrace and modern wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown in pots in a well-watered (wet) and in a drought-stressed (dry) experiment for 2 yr. The wheat genotypes were also grown in wet and dry field conditions. In the pot experiments, average WUE of the genotypes varied from 2.85 to 4.41 g dry matter kg-1 water in the wet experiment and from 3.08 to 4.53 in the dry experiment. The mean values of DELTA were 21.7 x 10(-3) for the wet pot experiment and 21.6 x 10(-3) for the dry pot experiment. The tall landrace genotypes had greater TDM and WUE, but were later in maturity than the modern dwarf and semi-dwarf genotypes. Values of DELTA-associated with different genotypes were negatively correlated with WUE. Broad-sense heritabilities for WUE and DELTA were 93 and 90%, respectively, in the pot experiments. In the dry field experiments, DELTA was positively associated with above-ground dry matter and grain yield in both years. In the wet field experiments, there was a positive correlation between DELTA and grain yield only in 1988. Broad-sense heritabilities for DELTA were 72% for wet field conditions and 74% for dry field conditions. These observations indicate that selection for C isotope discrimination, under either wet or dry conditions, can improve water use efficiency in wheat.