HOW DO MACRO-LEVEL CONTEXTS AND POLICIES AFFECT THE EMPLOYMENT CHANCES OF CHRONICALLY ILL AND DISABLED PEOPLE? PART I: THE IMPACT OF RECESSION AND DEINDUSTRIALIZATION
HOW DO MACRO-LEVEL CONTEXTS AND POLICIES AFFECT THE EMPLOYMENT CHANCES OF CHRONICALLY ILL AND DISABLED PEOPLE? PART I: THE IMPACT OF RECESSION AND DEINDUSTRIALIZATION
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DOI：
10.2190/hs.41.3.a
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Uppal, Sharanjit
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Holland, Paula;Burstroem, Bo;Uppal, Sharanjit
慢性病患者和残疾人的低就业率令人严重关切。失业增加了贫困和社会排斥的风险，这可能进一步损害这些群体的健康，加剧健康不平等。宏观政策可能对他们的就业机会产生巨大影响，随着当前经济危机的加剧，迫切需要了解这些影响。在这两部分研究的第一部分中，作者按性别和教育水平考察了加拿大、丹麦、挪威、瑞典和英国在经济繁荣和萧条以及去工业化背景下报告慢性疾病或残疾的人的就业趋势。患有慢性病和受教育程度低的双重负担的人越来越被劳动力市场边缘化。非工业化可能在这一过程中发挥了作用。此外，高失业率时期导致本已处于边缘地位的群体的就业率下降，他们在经济好转时没有感受到好处。挪威和瑞典比联合王国和加拿大能够更好地保护这些群体的就业。这些背景差异表明，其他宏观层面的因素，如积极和消极的劳动力市场政策，可能是重要的，如第二部分所研究的。
Low employment rates of chronically ill and disabled people are of serious concern. Being out of work increases the risk of poverty and social exclusion, which may further damage the health of these groups, exacerbating health inequalities. Macro-level policies have a potentially tremendous impact on their employment chances, and these influences urgently need to be understood as the current economic crisis intensifies. In Part I of this two-part study, the authors examine employment trends for people who report a chronic illness or disability, by gender and educational level, in Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom in the context of economic booms and busts and deindustrialization. People with the double burden of chronic illness and low education have become increasingly marginalized from the labor market. Deindustrialization may have played a part in this process. In addition, periods of high unemployment have sparked a downward trend in employment for already marginalized groups who did not feel the benefits when the economy improved. Norway and Sweden have been better able to protect the employment of these groups than the United Kingdom and Canada. These contextual differences suggest that other macro-level factors, such as active and passive labor market polices, may be important, as examined in Part II.