Decision Support Frameworks and Tools for Conservation
Decision Support Frameworks and Tools for Conservation
复制标题
保护决策支持框架和工具
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Williamson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Schwartz;C. Cook;R. Pressey;A. Pullin;M. C. Runge;N. Salafsky;W. J. Sutherland;M. Williamson
保护实践发生在复杂的社会生态系统中，充满挑战，需要透明、可防御且经常社会参与的项目规划和管理。规划和决策支持框架旨在帮助保护从业者提高规划的严谨性、项目问责制、利益相关者的参与、决策的透明度和学习。我们在适应性管理的三个规划阶段（项目范围、运营规划、学习）的每个阶段，在六个基本问题（为什么、谁、什么、何地、何时、如何）的背景下描述和对比了五个常见框架。我们证明决策支持框架为保护规划和管理提供了各种广泛的工具。然而，孤立使用任何框架都有可能减少潜在效益，因为没有一个框架能够涵盖所有潜在的保护规划和决策挑战。我们描述了两个案例研究，它们有效地部署了跨保护框架的工具，以改善保护行动和结果。对保护项目规划的关键问题的关注应允许从业者在任何框架内运作并调整工具以适应其特定的管理环境。我们呼吁保护研究人员和从业者定期使用决策支持工具作为构建实践和研究的标准做法。
The practice of conservation occurs within complex socioecological systems fraught with challenges that require transparent, defensible, and often socially engaged project planning and management. Planning and decision support frameworks are designed to help conservation practitioners increase planning rigor, project accountability, stakeholder participation, transparency in decisions, and learning. We describe and contrast five common frameworks within the context of six fundamental questions (why, who, what, where, when, how) at each of three planning stages of adaptive management (project scoping, operational planning, learning). We demonstrate that decision support frameworks provide varied and extensive tools for conservation planning and management. However, using any framework in isolation risks diminishing potential benefits since no one framework covers the full spectrum of potential conservation planning and decision challenges. We describe two case studies that have effectively deployed tools from across conservation frameworks to improve conservation actions and outcomes. Attention to the critical questions for conservation project planning should allow practitioners to operate within any framework and adapt tools to suit their specific management context. We call on conservation researchers and practitioners to regularly use decision support tools as standard practice for framing both practice and research.