Virtual typing by people with tetraplegia using a self-calibrating intracortical brain-computer interface.
Virtual typing by people with tetraplegia using a self-calibrating intracortical brain-computer interface.
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DOI：
10.1126/scitranslmed.aac7328
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发表时间：
2015-11-11
影响因子：
17.1
通讯作者：
Hochberg LR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jarosiewicz B;Sarma AA;Bacher D;Masse NY;Simeral JD;Sorice B;Oakley EM;Blabe C;Pandarinath C;Gilja V;Cash SS;Eskandar EN;Friehs G;Henderson JM;Shenoy KV;Donoghue JP;Hochberg LR
脑机接口(BCI)承诺通过将解码的神经活动直接转化为计算机的控制来恢复严重运动障碍患者的独立性。然而，记录的神经信号不是平稳的(即可能会随着时间的推移而变化)，从而降低了解码的质量。要求用户在信号改变时暂停他们正在做的事情以执行解码器重新校准例程是耗时的，并且对于BCI的日常使用来说是不切实际的。我们证明，大脑皮质内脑机接口中的信号非平稳性可以在软件中自动缓解，使四肢瘫痪患者能够长时间(几小时到几天)进行自定步点按键打字，而不会降低神经控制能力。我们的方法包括三个关键创新：跟踪神经控制中自我定时暂停期间神经活动的统计，神经控制期间的速度偏差校正，以及通过将神经活动映射到基于用户自己选择的目标而回溯推断的运动意图，使用在打字期间获得的数据定期重新校准解码器。这些方法可以扩展到各种神经控制的应用，促进了皮质内BCI的潜力，以帮助瘫痪患者恢复独立的交流和辅助设备控制。
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) promise to restore independence for people with severe motor disabilities by translating decoded neural activity directly into the control of a computer. However, recorded neural signals are not stationary (that is, can change over time), degrading the quality of decoding. Requiring users to pause what they are doing whenever signals change to perform decoder recalibration routines is time-consuming and impractical for everyday use of BCIs. We demonstrate that signal nonstationarity in an intracortical BCI can be mitigated automatically in software, enabling long periods (hours to days) of self-paced point-and-click typing by people with tetraplegia, without degradation in neural control. Three key innovations were included in our approach: tracking the statistics of the neural activity during self-timed pauses in neural control, velocity bias correction during neural control, and periodically recalibrating the decoder using data acquired during typing by mapping neural activity to movement intentions that are inferred retrospectively based on the user’s self-selected targets. These methods, which can be extended to a variety of neurally controlled applications, advance the potential for intracortical BCIs to help restore independent communication and assistive device control for people with paralysis.