3 – Social Exchange and Behavioral Interdependence
3 – Social Exchange and Behavioral Interdependence
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3 – 社会交换和行为相互依赖
DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-12-143550-9.50009-4
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发表时间：
1979
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
J. Scanzoni
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Scanzoni
接下来是对交换伙伴之间行为相互依赖的阶段的检验，试图发展出足够普遍的概念，以理解至少四种不同的伙伴：同伴（同性或异性）、情人、丈夫-妻子、父母-孩子。相互依赖被定义为任何社会系统中的行为者（或更大的单位）对该系统中其他行为者（单位）的依赖，以获得有价值的奖励，利益和满足。我们假设，相互依赖的演化或发展至少要经历三个阶段（本章围绕这三个阶段展开）：探索、扩展、承诺。探索意味着相对较低的相互依赖，扩展意味着更大程度的相互依赖，而承诺则是最高程度的相互依赖。相互依存是处理”持续性”问题的一种方式，或者说是一个社会系统的维持，不管这个系统是二元的还是二元以上的。埃利斯（1971）指出，至少有两种方法来处理相互依存的问题-功能主义，或规范，解决方案，以及他所谓的功利主义解决方案。虽然本章所遵循的方法基本上是功利主义的相互依存方法，
What follows is an examination of the stages of behavioral interdependence between exchange partners-an attempt to develop notions that are general enough to comprehend at least four different sets of partners: peers (same or cross sex), lovers, husbands-wives, parents—children. Interdependence is defined as the reliance of actors (or larger units) within any social system on other actors (units) within that system for valued rewards, benefits, gratifications. We assume that the evolution or progression of interdependence passes through at least three stages (and around them this chapter is organized): exploration, expansion, commitment. Exploration means relatively low interdependence, expansion a greater degree of interdependence, and commitment the highest level of interdependence. Interdependence is one way to approach the issue of" ongoingness," or the maintenance of a social system, irrespective of whether that system be dyadic or more than dyadic. Ellis (1971) indicates that there are at least two ways to approach the problem of interdependence the functionalist, or normative, solution, and what he calls the utilitarian solution. While the approach followed in this chapter is basically the utilitarian approach to interdependence, the