Disturbance of chiral ionic liquids to phototaxis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: regular analysis and mechanism attempt
Disturbance of chiral ionic liquids to phototaxis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: regular analysis and mechanism attempt
复制标题
手性离子液体对莱茵衣藻趋光性的干扰：规律分析与机制尝试
DOI：
10.1007/s11356-020-07882-6
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发表时间：
2020-02-17
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Wen, Yuezhong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Hui;Shen, Chensi;Wen, Yuezhong
鉴于近年来离子液体（IL）的广泛合成和应用，寻找一种灵敏、直观的指示剂来提供IL使用的快速初始风险评估已成为一个紧迫的问题。在这项研究中，我们验证了莱茵衣藻的趋光性是一个有效的指标与手性IL L-（+）-和D-（-）-1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑乳酸盐（BMIM L）的环境风险。简而言之，C.将莱茵衣藻暴露于4000-lx侧光源不同的时间长度。在规定的曝光时间后，拍摄藻类聚集体，然后使用Image-J软件进行定量分析，以获得IL刺激与C.莱因哈氏菌趋光性测量每个处理的灰色区域并计算百分比。侧光照射16 h后，对照组的灰色区域百分比为-22%，而L-（+）-和D-（-）- BMIM L分别为17%和33%。然后，在黑暗8h后，其中D-（-）-BMIM L和对照组显示阳性趋光性，而L-（+）-BMIM L处理组几乎没有变化。这种现象与活性氧（ROS）的过度产生一致。此外，原子力显微镜（AFM）的结果表明，D-（-）-和L-（+）-BMIM L之间的明显聚集，这引起细胞通透性的变化，诱导活性氧转移的变化。此外，还研究了细胞超微结构变化与光合效率的关系。这项工作表明，趋光性的潜力，作为一个敏感的，方便的，和成本效益的定性评估IL的毒性影响，与定量评价需要进一步改进的理解。
Given the recent extensive synthesis and application of ionic liquids (ILs), finding a sensitive and visual indicator to provide a fast-initial risk assessment of IL use has become a pressing issue. In this study, we verified that the phototaxis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a valid indicator of the environmental risk associated with chiral ILs L-(+)- and D-(-)-1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium lactate (BMIM L). Briefly, C. reinhardtii was exposed to a 4000-lx side light source for varying lengths of time. Following the allotted exposure time, the algae aggregation was photographed, and then quantitative analysis was conducted using Image-J software to obtain the corresponding relationship between IL stimulation and C. reinhardtii phototaxis. The gray areas from each treatment were measured and the percentage was calculated. After 16 h of side lighting, for control, the percentage of gray areas was - 22%, while for L-(+)- and D-(-)- BMIM L were 17% and 33%, respectively. Then, after 8 h of darkness, where D-(-)-BMIM L and the control showed the positive phototaxis, but the L-(+)-BMIM L-treated group showed virtually no change. This phenomenon is consistent with excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, atomic force microscope (AFM) results indicated distinct aggregation between D-(-)- and L-(+)-BMIM L, which caused changes in cell permeability that induced a change in ROS transfer. Furthermore, relationship between phototaxis and changes in cell ultrastructure and photosynthetic efficiency was also investigated. This work demonstrates the potential of phototaxis to serve as a sensitive, convenient, and cost effective qualitative assessment of ILs' toxic impact, with the understanding that quantitative evaluation requires further improvement.