Arbuscular mycorrhiza affects grapevine fanleaf virus transmission by the nematode vector Xiphinema index
Arbuscular mycorrhiza affects grapevine fanleaf virus transmission by the nematode vector Xiphinema index
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丛枝菌根通过线虫载体剑线虫指数影响葡萄扇叶病毒传播
DOI：
10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.05.007
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Gianinazzi-Pearson, Vivienne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hao, Zhipeng;van Tuinen, Diederik;Gianinazzi-Pearson, Vivienne
土壤传播的nepovirus Grapevine fanleaf virus （GFLV）是葡萄扇叶变性病的病原，主要通过线虫媒介Xiphinema index传播。由于丛枝菌根（AM）真菌Rhizophagus intraradices可以诱导对X. index的局部和全身保护（Hao et al., 2012），因此，本研究的目的是研究AM是否可以通过减少线虫媒介攻击来限制GFLV感染。在温室条件下，每株接种10或100个毒线虫，接种3周龄的菌根或非菌根葡萄砧木SO4 （Vitis berlandieri x V. riparia）植株。接种X. index （DAIN）后35天和90天，分别在扇叶退化症状出现之前和之后收获植株。在90 DAIN条件下，两种毒力指数水平均抑制了非菌根植物的根系生长，而丛枝菌根定殖在两个时间点均显著减少了根瘿的形成，并减少了土壤中线虫的繁殖。接种毒力强的X. index后，用一步反转录PCR法在35 DAIN的植株根部未检测到GFLV。在90 DAIN下，每株植物有10个带菌线虫，病毒在非菌根根中存在，但在菌根葡萄藤中不存在。该病毒在菌根和非菌根植物中均检测到。结果表明，AM对葡萄x指数增殖和渗透的抑制作用，可能在低丰度的土壤中保护葡萄免受GFLV的侵害，从而有助于这种条件下的病毒控制。
The soil-borne nepovirus Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), causal agent of grapevine fanleaf degeneration disease, spreads mainly via the nematode vector Xiphinema index. Since the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Rhizophagus intraradices can induce local and systemic protection against X. index (Hao et al., 2012), therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate if AM may represent a means for limiting GFLV infection by reducing nematode vector attack. Three-week-old mycorrhizal or nonmycorrhizal grapevine rootstock SO4 (Vitis berlandieri x V. riparia) plants were inoculated with 10 or 100 viruliferous nematodes per plant under glasshouse conditions. Plants were harvested 35 and 90 days after inoculation with X. index (DAIN), prior to and after the appearance of fanleaf degeneration symptoms, respectively. Both levels of viruliferous X. index inhibited root growth of nonmycorrhizal plants at 90 DAIN, while the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization significantly decreased gall formation on roots at both time points and reduced nematode reproduction in soil at 90 DAIN. GFLV was not detected by one-step reverse transcription PCR in the roots of any plant at 35 DAIN after viruliferous X. index inoculation. At 90 DAIN with 10 viruliferous nematodes per plant, the virus was present in nonmycorrhizal roots but absent from mycorrhizal grapevine. The virus was detected in both mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants 90 DAIN. It is suggested that inhibition of X. index proliferation and penetration by AM may protect grapevine against GFLV at a low abundance of the viruliferous nematode in soils and so contribute to virus control under these conditions.