On Last Resorts
On Last Resorts
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最后的度假村
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
1981
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
R. Emerson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Emerson
在各种社会控制环境中，极端制裁的使用被认为是最后的手段。本文探讨了这种最后手段的反应的性质，场合和成就。最后手段的典型主张是，除了援引某种价值极高的制裁之外，别无选择，这种主张是在特定情况下通常使用的“正常补救办法”的背景下提出的。要求采取的最后手段是合理的，只要表明所有这些正常的补救措施都是特别不适当的，或者它们未能控制问题。详细分析了后一种程序的条件，以证明转向最后手段制裁的合理性。
In a variety of social control settings, the use of extreme sanctions is held to be appropriate only as a last resort. This paper examines the nature, occasions, and accomplishment of such last-resort responses. Last resorts characteristically claim that there is no alternative but to invoke some dubiously valued sanction, a claim advanced against the backdrop of the "normal remedies" customarily used in a particular setting. Requested last resorts are justified by showing either that all such normal remedies are specifically inappropriate or that they have failed to contain the trouble. The conditions governing the latter procedure for justifying the turn to last-resort sanctions are analyzed in detail.